安科瑞 宣依依

　　作為(wei)典型的(de)(de)人口聚(ju)集、負荷(he)密集區域(yu)，上(shang)海(hai)(hai)市(shi)(shi)具有外來(lai)電(dian)比(bi)(bi)(bi)例(li)高(gao)、本地資(zi)源稟賦不足的(de)(de)特點。從(cong)發電(dian)側角(jiao)(jiao)度來(lai)看，近年來(lai)上(shang)海(hai)(hai)風(feng)、光等新能源發電(dian)裝機比(bi)(bi)(bi)例(li)逐(zhu)年提升，傳統(tong)的(de)(de)火電(dian)逐(zhu)漸成(cheng)為(wei)調節性發電(dian)資(zi)源；從(cong)負荷(he)側角(jiao)(jiao)度來(lai)看上(shang)海(hai)(hai)以第三產業為(wei)主，夏冬兩季負荷(he)峰(feng)谷差逐(zhu)年拉大，峰(feng)谷差至高(gao)可達48.5%（1312萬(wan)kW）。與此(ci)同時上(shang)海(hai)(hai)商業建筑密集，可調節負荷(he)資(zi)源超過8760MW，其中包括(kuo)工業負荷(he)1230MW、商業負荷(he)2160MW、電(dian)動汽(qi)車負荷(he)1000MW等，加(jia)之(zhi)上(shang)海(hai)(hai)的(de)(de)企業微(wei)電(dian)網數字(zi)化程度比(bi)(bi)(bi)較高(gao)，所以虛(xu)(xu)擬(ni)電(dian)廠在上(shang)海(hai)(hai)有得(de)天獨(du)厚的(de)(de)發展條件，上(shang)海(hai)(hai)市(shi)(shi)也(ye)成(cheng)為(wei)建設虛(xu)(xu)擬(ni)電(dian)廠的(de)(de)城市(shi)(shi)之(zhi)一，并(bing)且目前已取得(de)一定的(de)(de)成(cheng)效。能源互(hu)聯(lian)新時代：虛(xu)(xu)擬(ni)電(dian)廠綜合能效管理(li)方(fang)案

　　(本(ben)文部分(fen)資料來(lai)源于(yu)微信(xin)公眾號：電氣(qi)思享《虛擬電廠在上海的實踐探索》)

　　上海黃浦區商業建筑虛擬電廠示范項目

　　2020年上海市公共建(jian)筑(zhu)能(neng)(neng)耗分(fen)析報告中(zhong)指(zhi)出，在上海市建(jian)筑(zhu)的(de)(de)分(fen)項用(yong)電(dian)數據中(zhong)，空(kong)調設備(bei)與照明(ming)類電(dian)器(qi)設備(bei)在用(yong)電(dian)總(zong)量占據份額超過整體的(de)(de)70%。在以空(kong)調負荷、照明(ming)負荷為主的(de)(de)負荷體系(xi)下，商(shang)業建(jian)筑(zhu)中(zhong)的(de)(de)負荷具有(you)靈(ling)活(huo)可調的(de)(de)性能(neng)(neng)，能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)在電(dian)力(li)市場中(zhong)發揮巨大的(de)(de)調峰作用(yong)和經濟價值(zhi)。

　　黃浦區作為上(shang)海市商(shang)業(ye)(ye)建(jian)筑的(de)(de)密集(ji)(ji)聚集(ji)(ji)區，擁有超過200幢大型(xing)商(shang)業(ye)(ye)建(jian)筑，并且很重要的(de)(de)一(yi)點(dian)是在原有建(jian)筑中配(pei)備(bei)能(neng)耗(hao)監測裝置，有完(wan)備(bei)的(de)(de)數(shu)字(zi)化基(ji)礎條件實施需求(qiu)(qiu)響(xiang)應(ying)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)。目(mu)(mu)前黃浦區內約50%的(de)(de)商(shang)業(ye)(ye)建(jian)筑接(jie)入了(le)(le)虛擬電(dian)廠平臺(tai)(tai)。根據(ju)用(yong)戶(hu)參與(yu)情(qing)況，對(dui)資源(yuan)開展自動(dong)需求(qiu)(qiu)改造(zao)，采(cai)用(yong)自動(dong)需求(qiu)(qiu)響(xiang)應(ying)技術實現對(dui)用(yong)戶(hu)側設備(bei)的(de)(de)調控。截止2021年，上(shang)海市黃浦區智慧(hui)虛擬電(dian)廠平臺(tai)(tai)已納入黃浦區商(shang)業(ye)(ye)樓宇130幢，注冊響(xiang)應(ying)資源(yuan)約60MW商(shang)業(ye)(ye)建(jian)筑需求(qiu)(qiu)響(xiang)應(ying)資源(yuan)，包含了(le)(le)冷(leng)(leng)水機(ji)組、風冷(leng)(leng)熱(re)泵(beng)、電(dian)熱(re)鍋爐(lu)、動(dong)力照明、充電(dian)樁(zhuang)等大量可控用(yong)電(dian)設備(bei)。黃浦區虛擬電(dian)廠實現了(le)(le)在不降低用(yong)戶(hu)用(yong)能(neng)體驗(yan)的(de)(de)前提(ti)下，針對(dui)用(yong)戶(hu)的(de)(de)一(yi)樓一(yi)策個性化定制。能(neng)源(yuan)互聯新(xin)時(shi)代(dai)：虛擬電(dian)廠綜(zong)合能(neng)效管理方案

　　上海嘉定區泛在電力物聯網智慧充放電示范試點項目

　　嘉(jia)定是上海汽車(che)(che)產業(ye)聚集(ji)地(di)，嘉(jia)定供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)公(gong)司(si)與(yu)國網電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)(che)服務(wu)有(you)限公(gong)司(si)合作(zuo)開(kai)展泛在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)物聯網智慧(hui)充(chong)(chong)(chong)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)示范試點(dian)項目，應用V2G技(ji)術和有(you)序(xu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)技(ji)術，統(tong)(tong)籌協調電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)(che)與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量平(ping)衡，有(you)效(xiao)地(di)提高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)(che)與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網協調運行的有(you)序(xu)性(xing)(xing)、可靠(kao)性(xing)(xing)、經濟性(xing)(xing)，實現電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)(che)、儲能、分布(bu)式電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源、微電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網等新型用能設備的即插即用、數(shu)據感知、采集(ji)和控制，統(tong)(tong)一協調，有(you)序(xu)運行。智慧(hui)有(you)序(xu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)建設通過對用戶(hu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)行為、用能行為的靈活引導與(yu)主動(dong)調控，降低配(pei)(pei)變(bian)峰(feng)值負(fu)荷超過30%，將80%充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量優化調整(zheng)到了(le)配(pei)(pei)變(bian)負(fu)荷低谷時段(duan)，使配(pei)(pei)變(bian)接(jie)納充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁能力(li)提高(gao)4倍，顯(xian)著提升配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網資源利(li)用率，實現削峰(feng)填谷。

　　企業微電網數字化是虛擬電廠的基礎建設

　　從(cong)黃浦(pu)區(qu)的商業建筑虛(xu)(xu)擬電廠示(shi)(shi)范試(shi)(shi)點項目和嘉(jia)定區(qu)泛在(zai)電力物聯網智慧充放電示(shi)(shi)范試(shi)(shi)點項目來(lai)看，虛(xu)(xu)擬電廠的建設對電網調峰填谷(gu)、利用新能源(yuan)的提升作用是巨大的，帶(dai)來(lai)的經(jing)濟效益也非常明(ming)顯。

　　上海之(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)以成為建(jian)(jian)設虛(xu)擬(ni)電(dian)(dian)(dian)廠的(de)(de)(de)城市之(zhi)(zhi)一，并且能(neng)(neng)快速取得成效(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)主要原(yuan)因(yin)(yin)有(you)以下幾點：一是(shi)上海是(shi)商業非常發達(da)的(de)(de)(de)大都市，同時也(ye)是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽車(che)存量很高的(de)(de)(de)城市，用戶負荷中空(kong)調(diao)(diao)、照明和(he)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁所(suo)占比例比較(jiao)大，季節因(yin)(yin)素容(rong)易(yi)導致峰(feng)谷差大，需要有(you)一定的(de)(de)(de)調(diao)(diao)峰(feng)填谷手段(duan)來促進充分消納(na)新能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)，維持電(dian)(dian)(dian)網穩定運(yun)行(xing)；二是(shi)以空(kong)調(diao)(diao)、照明和(he)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁為主的(de)(de)(de)商業負荷具(ju)有(you)靈活可調(diao)(diao)的(de)(de)(de)特點，大規(gui)模的(de)(de)(de)可控負荷聚合是(shi)虛(xu)擬(ni)電(dian)(dian)(dian)廠的(de)(de)(de)必要條件；三是(shi)上海的(de)(de)(de)商業建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)基本都配備能(neng)(neng)耗監測裝置和(he)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)管理(li)系統，已(yi)經實(shi)現了建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)數(shu)字(zi)化管理(li)，有(you)完備的(de)(de)(de)數(shu)字(zi)化基礎(chu)建(jian)(jian)設實(shi)施(shi)虛(xu)擬(ni)電(dian)(dian)(dian)廠的(de)(de)(de)需求(qiu)響應，這樣便能(neng)(neng)以較(jiao)快的(de)(de)(de)速度和(he)較(jiao)少的(de)(de)(de)成本實(shi)現虛(xu)擬(ni)電(dian)(dian)(dian)廠的(de)(de)(de)搭建(jian)(jian)和(he)運(yun)行(xing)，不(bu)存在(zai)很多地區企(qi)業微電(dian)(dian)(dian)網數(shu)字(zi)化水平低的(de)(de)(de)瓶頸制約。

　　怎么建立企業微電網數字化

　　安科瑞在上(shang)(shang)海參與(yu)了眾(zhong)多的企業(ye)微電(dian)網(wang)數(shu)字化建設項目，比如上(shang)(shang)海某區191棟(dong)商業(ye)辦(ban)公建筑的能耗數(shu)字化管理系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(見(jian)圖1)、嘉定區140多所(suo)學(xue)校的配電(dian)數(shu)字化運維(wei)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(見(jian)圖2)、張(zhang)江(jiang)園區31棟(dong)建筑的用電(dian)管理系(xi)統(tong)(tong)等，數(shu)量眾(zhong)多的微電(dian)網(wang)數(shu)字化系(xi)統(tong)(tong)匯聚成了上(shang)(shang)海虛(xu)擬(ni)電(dian)廠建設的基礎。

圖1 191棟商業辦(ban)公建筑能(neng)耗(hao)數字化(hua)管理系統

圖2 嘉定(ding)區(qu)140所(suo)學校配電(dian)數字(zi)化(hua)運(yun)維系統(tong)

　　企(qi)業(ye)微(wei)(wei)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)數(shu)字化(hua)(hua)系統(tong)(EMS)包含安裝于現場(chang)的(de)(de)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)感器(qi)、智(zhi)能網(wang)(wang)(wang)關(guan)和微(wei)(wei)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)數(shu)字化(hua)(hua)軟件。傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)感器(qi)用于監測和控制建筑的(de)(de)負荷(he)設備和分布(bu)式發電(dian)(dian)設備(系統(tong))，現場(chang)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)感器(qi)的(de)(de)數(shu)據(ju)接入邊緣計算智(zhi)能網(wang)(wang)(wang)關(guan)，每(mei)個(ge)智(zhi)能網(wang)(wang)(wang)關(guan)可以看做是一個(ge)區域指(zhi)揮部(bu)，采集所接傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)感器(qi)數(shu)據(ju)進行(xing)(xing)協議(yi)轉換后上傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)EMS或(huo)轉發第三方平(ping)臺，網(wang)(wang)(wang)關(guan)可以根據(ju)預設閾值或(huo)自動(dong)學習來執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)邏輯計算，并執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)EMS的(de)(de)指(zhi)令。EMS可以看做是企(qi)業(ye)微(wei)(wei)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)指(zhi)揮部(bu)，根據(ju)智(zhi)能網(wang)(wang)(wang)關(guan)上傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)的(de)(de)數(shu)據(ju)生成各類圖表(biao)、控制策略和分析結論，并響(xiang)應虛(xu)擬(ni)電(dian)(dian)廠的(de)(de)調度指(zhi)令，系統(tong)架構圖如圖3所示。

圖(tu)3 企業微電(dian)網(wang)數字化系統(EMS)網(wang)絡架構

　　AcrelEMS企業微(wei)電(dian)網數字化(hua)系統(tong)融合企業負荷側的電(dian)力監(jian)控(kong)、能(neng)耗統(tong)計、電(dian)能(neng)質量(liang)分(fen)析及(ji)治(zhi)理、智能(neng)照明控(kong)制、主(zhu)要用(yong)能(neng)設備監(jian)控(kong)、充(chong)電(dian)樁運營管理、分(fen)布式(shi)光伏監(jian)控(kong)、儲能(neng)管理等功能(neng)，用(yong)戶通過一個平臺即可全局(ju)、整體(ti)的對企業微(wei)電(dian)網進行進行集中(zhong)監(jian)控(kong)、統(tong)一調度、統(tong)一運維，同時滿足企業用(yong)電(dian)可靠、安全、節約、有(you)序用(yong)電(dian)要求(qiu)。

　　微電網數字化系統功能

　　5.1 電力監控

　　對企(qi)業(ye)高低壓變(bian)配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統的(de)(de)變(bian)壓器、斷路器、直流屏(ping)、母排、無功補償柜(ju)及電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜等配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)相關設(she)備的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣參數、運(yun)行狀態、接點溫度進行實時(shi)監測和控制，監測企(qi)業(ye)微電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網主要回路的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能質(zhi)量并進行治理，對故(gu)障及時(shi)處(chu)理并發出告警(jing)信息，提高企(qi)業(ye)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)可靠性。

圖4 電力監控功能

　　5.2 能耗分析

　　采集企業電(dian)、水(shui)、燃氣等能源消耗(hao)(hao)，進行分(fen)(fen)類分(fen)(fen)項(xiang)能耗(hao)(hao)統(tong)計，計算單(dan)位面積或單(dan)位產品的能耗(hao)(hao)數據(ju)(ju)以及趨勢，對標(biao)主要(yao)用能設(she)備能效進行能效診斷，計算企業碳(tan)排放，為企業制(zhi)定碳(tan)達峰(feng)、碳(tan)中和路線提供數據(ju)(ju)支持(chi)。

圖5 能耗分析功能

　　5.3 照明控制

　　智能照明控制(zhi)功能可以根據企(qi)(qi)業情況實現定時(shi)控制(zhi)、光(guang)照感應控制(zhi)、場景控制(zhi)、調光(guang)控制(zhi)等，并(bing)結合紅外(wai)傳(chuan)感器、超聲波傳(chuan)感器，實現人(ren)來燈亮、人(ren)走燈滅(mie)，并(bing)可以根據系統(tong)的控制(zhi)策略實現集中控制(zhi)，為企(qi)(qi)業節約照明用電。

圖6 照明控制功能

　　5.4 分布式光伏監控

　　監測企(qi)業分(fen)布式光伏電站運(yun)行(xing)情況，包括(kuo)逆(ni)變(bian)器運(yun)行(xing)數據(ju)、光伏發電效(xiao)率(lv)分(fen)析、發電量及收益(yi)統(tong)計以(yi)及光伏發電功率(lv)控(kong)制(zhi)。

圖(tu)7 分布式光伏發電監(jian)測(ce)

　　5.5 儲能管理

　　監(jian)測儲能系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)、電(dian)(dian)池管理系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(BMS)和儲能變流(liu)器(PCS)運行(xing)，包括(kuo)運行(xing)模式(shi)、功(gong)率控(kong)制模式(shi)，功(gong)率、電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、電(dian)(dian)流(liu)、頻率等預定(ding)值信息(xi)、儲能電(dian)(dian)池充(chong)放電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、電(dian)(dian)流(liu)、SOC、溫度，根據企業峰(feng)谷(gu)特點和電(dian)(dian)價波動以及上級平臺指令設(she)置儲能系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)的充(chong)放電(dian)(dian)策略，控(kong)制儲能系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)充(chong)放電(dian)(dian)，實(shi)現削峰(feng)填谷(gu)，降(jiang)低企業用電(dian)(dian)成本。

圖8 儲能管理

　　5.6 充電樁運營管理

　　監測企(qi)(qi)業充電(dian)樁的運行(xing)狀態，提供充電(dian)樁收費管理和狀態監測功能，并根據企(qi)(qi)業負荷率變化(hua)和虛(xu)擬(ni)電(dian)廠的調(diao)(diao)度指令調(diao)(diao)節充電(dian)樁的充電(dian)功率，使企(qi)(qi)業微電(dian)網穩定安全(quan)運行(xing)。

圖9 充電樁管理

　　5.7 需求響應

　　根據(ju)企業負(fu)(fu)荷波動(dong)數(shu)據(ju)，再(zai)結合虛擬電(dian)廠(chang)的(de)調度指(zhi)令，決定(ding)以何種(zhong)方(fang)式(shi)參(can)與電(dian)網需求(qiu)響(xiang)應，平臺可通(tong)過(guo)給儲能系統下發(fa)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)策(ce)略，調整(zheng)充發(fa)電(dian)時間(jian)。平臺在(zai)需求(qiu)響(xiang)應時間(jian)段調整(zheng)可控(kong)(kong)(kong)負(fu)(fu)荷功率，停止(zhi)給可中斷負(fu)(fu)荷供(gong)電(dian)，并(bing)且可以根據(ju)企業可控(kong)(kong)(kong)負(fu)(fu)荷數(shu)據(ju)制(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)需求(qiu)響(xiang)應控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)策(ce)略，實現一鍵響(xiang)應。

圖10 企(qi)業微電網(wang)數(shu)字化系統需(xu)求響應(ying)示(shi)意圖

　　微電網數字化系統硬件設備

　　安科瑞針對(dui)企業(ye)微電(dian)(dian)(dian)網數字(zi)(zi)化(hua)系(xi)統(tong)除了(le)軟(ruan)件外，還具備現場傳感器、智能(neng)網關等(deng)設備，組成(cheng)了(le)完整的“云-邊(bian)-端"數字(zi)(zi)化(hua)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)，具體(ti)(ti)包括高(gao)低壓配電(dian)(dian)(dian)綜合保護和監測(ce)產品、電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)質(zhi)量在(zai)線監測(ce)裝置、電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)質(zhi)量治理、照明控制、新能(neng)源充電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁、電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣消(xiao)防類解決方案等(deng)，可以(yi)為(wei)企業(ye)微電(dian)(dian)(dian)網數字(zi)(zi)化(hua)提供一(yi)站式服務能(neng)力，部分設備見表1。

表(biao)1 企(qi)業微電網數字化建設部分硬件設備

　　結束語

　　面向(xiang)未來，AcrelEMS企業(ye)微(wei)電(dian)(dian)網數(shu)字化平臺將(jiang)結(jie)合行業(ye)特點(dian)、服務“雙(shuang)碳"目標，積極(ji)利用(yong)安(an)科瑞“云(yun)-邊-端"的產品(pin)體系和企業(ye)微(wei)電(dian)(dian)網數(shu)字化技術積累幫(bang)助企業(ye)改造傳統電(dian)(dian)網，加快(kuai)推動企業(ye)微(wei)電(dian)(dian)網向(xiang)更加智慧、更加安(an)全、更加友好的能源(yuan)數(shu)字化升級，為(wei)促進(jin)區域虛(xu)擬電(dian)(dian)廠(chang)建(jian)設作(zuo)出(chu)持續貢獻。同時安(an)科瑞已(yi)經建(jian)設的數(shu)以(yi)千計(ji)的企業(ye)微(wei)電(dian)(dian)網數(shu)字化系統可能也將(jiang)根據企業(ye)意愿(yuan)成(cheng)為(wei)匯聚成(cheng)虛(xu)擬電(dian)(dian)廠(chang)的涓涓細流。