安科瑞 繆凱(kai)倫 陳聰 陳正

1、 概述

??岸(an)(an)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)是船舶停靠(kao)碼頭(tou)時(shi)的(de)(de)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，船舶靠(kao)岸(an)(an)后，除了日(ri)常生活用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)外，船舶上(shang)許多電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)設備仍然(ran)需要工作，這些設備主(zhu)要同碼頭(tou)的(de)(de)岸(an)(an)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)箱來(lai)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。考慮到船舶供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)為(wei)IT系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，為(wei)了保(bao)護供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)安全，岸(an)(an)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)也多為(wei)IT系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)（或ITn系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，即引出中性線的(de)(de)IT系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)），系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)配置絕(jue)緣監(jian)測(ce)裝置來(lai)監(jian)測(ce)IT系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)初次接地故(gu)障(zhang)，防止兩相同時(shi)出現接地故(gu)障(zhang)時(shi)，引起岸(an)(an)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)護裝置動作。國家行業標(biao)準JTS155-2019《碼頭(tou)岸(an)(an)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設施建設技術規(gui)范》中也提(ti)到碼頭(tou)岸(an)(an)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設施的(de)(de)低壓配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)宜采用(yong)IT方式，若(ruo)采用(yong)TN方式的(de)(de)配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)應通(tong)過(guo)隔離變(bian)壓器向船舶供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

??安科(ke)瑞AIM-T系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)絕(jue)緣(yuan)監測(ce)產品(pin)及絕(jue)緣(yuan)故障(zhang)(zhang)定(ding)位(wei)(wei)產品(pin)適用于交流(liu)額(e)定(ding)電壓690V和(he)直流(liu)800V及以下的(de)(de)不接地(di)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，用于實時監測(ce)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)對地(di)的(de)(de)絕(jue)緣(yuan)狀況(kuang)，當系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)出現絕(jue)緣(yuan)故障(zhang)(zhang)時，能發(fa)出報警信號(hao)，絕(jue)緣(yuan)故障(zhang)(zhang)定(ding)位(wei)(wei)產品(pin)可以定(ding)位(wei)(wei)出故障(zhang)(zhang)回路，方便工作人員進行(xing)故障(zhang)(zhang)排查(cha)。可以應用在(zai)岸(an)電的(de)(de)IT（或ITn）系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)中(zhong)，實時監測(ce)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)運行(xing)狀況(kuang)。

??2、 應用場所

??港(gang)口碼頭變(bian)電所低壓配電系(xi)統、岸電箱。

??3、 應用方案

??下面以某工程為例介紹絕緣監測及定(ding)位系統的應用方案(an)。

??該(gai)工(gong)程(cheng)為(wei)(wei)新建碼頭(tou)一(yi)座，長為(wei)(wei)480m，寬(kuan)(kuan)20m；引橋二座，其(qi)中東(dong)引橋長194m，寬(kuan)(kuan)8m，西引橋長100m，寬(kuan)(kuan)8m。工(gong)程(cheng)設(she)(she)計了(le)陸(lu)域(yu)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)所(suo)(suo)和碼頭(tou)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)所(suo)(suo)，其(qi)中碼頭(tou)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)所(suo)(suo)與碼頭(tou)相連，從陸(lu)域(yu)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)所(suo)(suo)引來一(yi)路(lu)10kV電(dian)(dian)(dian)源，內設(she)(she)10kV中壓(ya)開關(guan)柜，2臺(tai)(tai)1000kVA 10/0.4kV干式(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)。 碼頭(tou)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)所(suo)(suo)內10kV側采(cai)用(yong)(yong)單(dan)母(mu)線(xian)(xian)形式(shi)(shi)運行(xing)(xing)，0.4kV采(cai)用(yong)(yong)單(dan)母(mu)線(xian)(xian)分段運行(xing)(xing)方式(shi)(shi)，正(zheng)常(chang)運行(xing)(xing)時，0.4kV母(mu)線(xian)(xian)分段斷路(lu)器(qi)(qi)打開，兩臺(tai)(tai)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)分列(lie)運行(xing)(xing)，各帶(dai)一(yi)段母(mu)線(xian)(xian)，當(dang)一(yi)臺(tai)(tai)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)退(tui)出(chu)運行(xing)(xing)時，母(mu)線(xian)(xian)分段斷路(lu)器(qi)(qi)閉合，由另一(yi)臺(tai)(tai)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)供(gong)(gong)本(ben)所(suo)(suo)內的(de)(de)全部一(yi)、二級負荷(he)。當(dang)退(tui)出(chu)運行(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)恢復供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時，系統自動復位為(wei)(wei)正(zheng)常(chang)運行(xing)(xing)方式(shi)(shi)。碼頭(tou)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)所(suo)(suo)主要負荷(he)為(wei)(wei)岸電(dian)(dian)(dian)箱(xiang)，共(gong)設(she)(she)置了(le)7臺(tai)(tai)岸電(dian)(dian)(dian)箱(xiang)，每個岸電(dian)(dian)(dian)箱(xiang)功率為(wei)(wei)250kW，提供(gong)(gong)一(yi)艘靠泊船(chuan)的(de)(de)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。

??碼(ma)頭變電(dian)所(suo)低(di)壓配電(dian)系統接(jie)(jie)地保護為ITn系統，低(di)壓部分設絕(jue)緣(yuan)監測及定位(wei)系統。碼(ma)頭變電(dian)所(suo)低(di)壓主接(jie)(jie)線圖(tu)及其絕(jue)緣(yuan)監測和(he)絕(jue)緣(yuan)故障定位(wei)方案(an)分別如圖(tu)1和(he)圖(tu)2所(suo)示。

??在(zai)主(zhu)接(jie)線(xian)圖(tu)上，變壓器(qi)(qi)出(chu)線(xian)采用中性點引出(chu)的(de)IT系統，絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)監(jian)(jian)測(ce)和測(ce)試信號(hao)發生器(qi)(qi)安裝(zhuang)在(zai)進線(xian)柜(ju)內(nei)，絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)故障定(ding)位(wei)儀(yi)安裝(zhuang)在(zai)各配(pei)電柜(ju)內(nei)。絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)監(jian)(jian)測(ce)儀(yi)接(jie)在(zai)母線(xian)與地(di)線(xian)之間(jian)(jian)，用于監(jian)(jian)測(ce)變壓器(qi)(qi)二次側(ce)0.4kV低壓系統對(dui)地(di)的(de)絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)狀態，若低壓母線(xian)或某支路出(chu)現接(jie)地(di)故障，絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)監(jian)(jian)測(ce)儀(yi)將發出(chu)故障報警(jing)信號(hao)，提醒工作人員(yuan)進行(xing)故障排查。信號(hao)發生器(qi)(qi)也接(jie)在(zai)系統和地(di)之間(jian)(jian)，在(zai)故障時(shi)向系統和地(di)之間(jian)(jian)注入定(ding)位(wei)信號(hao)，由分布于各配(pei)電柜(ju)內(nei)的(de)絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)故障定(ding)位(wei)儀(yi)定(ding)位(wei)絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)故障所在(zai)回路。

圖1?碼頭變電所低壓主結線(xian)圖一

圖(tu)2?碼(ma)頭變電所低壓(ya)主接線圖(tu)二(er)

??岸(an)(an)電箱(xiang)為(wei)岸(an)(an)側(ce)電力系統向(xiang)停靠(kao)碼頭的(de)船舶提供電能的(de)重(zhong)要設(she)備，本(ben)系統共設(she)置了(le)7臺(tai)岸(an)(an)電箱(xiang)，其輸入電源分別引自不同的(de)低壓(ya)出線(xian)柜(ju)。圖(tu)(tu)3為(wei)岸(an)(an)電箱(xiang)接線(xian)圖(tu)(tu)，配(pei)置了(le)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)故(gu)障定(ding)位儀(yi)，用于(yu)配(pei)合變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)出線(xian)側(ce)的(de)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)監測儀(yi)和測試信(xin)號發生器(qi)，實(shi)現本(ben)岸(an)(an)電箱(xiang)內各支路絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)故(gu)障定(ding)位功(gong)能。

圖3?岸電箱接線圖

??為了(le)方便系統(tong)(tong)的(de)監(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)和管(guan)理(li)，提高(gao)管(guan)理(li)效率，本方案在變電所值班室(shi)內還配置(zhi)了(le)Acrel-2000A/L絕(jue)(jue)緣監(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)及(ji)故障定(ding)位系統(tong)(tong)，該(gai)系統(tong)(tong)通過RS484總線（圖(tu)(tu)中(zhong)綠色通訊線）將絕(jue)(jue)緣監(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)儀(yi)與后臺主機連接，用于實(shi)時監(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)各(ge)ITn系統(tong)(tong)的(de)絕(jue)(jue)緣狀態及(ji)故障回路。絕(jue)(jue)緣監(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)儀(yi)和測(ce)(ce)(ce)試信號發生器、各(ge)絕(jue)(jue)緣故障定(ding)位儀(yi)之(zhi)間通過CAN總線（圖(tu)(tu)中(zhong)紅色通訊線）連接，用于同一ITn系統(tong)(tong)內，各(ge)監(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)儀(yi)表(biao)之(zhi)間的(de)數據(ju)交(jiao)互(hu)。后臺監(jian)護主機采用了(le)1臺10.2寸的(de)觸摸屏，安(an)裝(zhuang)在壁(bi)掛式箱內，并(bing)配置(zhi)相應的(de)報警指示裝(zhuang)置(zhi)。該(gai)工程絕(jue)(jue)緣監(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)及(ji)故障定(ding)位系統(tong)(tong)圖(tu)(tu)如圖(tu)(tu)4所示。

圖4?絕緣監(jian)測(ce)及定位(wei)系統圖

??該(gai)工程中絕(jue)緣監測及定(ding)位系(xi)統設備選(xuan)型如(ru)下表所示。

??表1：

??4、 Acrel-2000A/L絕緣監測及(ji)故(gu)障定位系統功能介(jie)紹

??Acrel-2000L/A絕緣監(jian)測系統設備采用壁(bi)掛(gua)式(shi)安(an)裝(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)方式(shi)，可安(an)裝(zhuang)于墻壁(bi)上，通過通訊總線采集現(xian)場的(de)(de)(de)絕緣監(jian)測儀的(de)(de)(de)監(jian)測數據(ju)，實現(xian)遠(yuan)程故障報(bao)警等(deng)功能(neng)。具體功能(neng)如下(xia)：

??※ 回路監測

??Acrel-2000L/A絕(jue)緣監測(ce)系統設(she)備上(shang)電進入(ru)工作狀態(tai)后，默認為“回(hui)路監測(ce)"界面，在(zai)此界面可(ke)觀察到(dao)現場的(de)一次系統圖以及具體的(de)數據顯(xian)示。

??※ 參數設置

??參數設置需要用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)點擊“用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)登錄(lu)(lu)"，默認用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)為admin，默認登錄(lu)(lu)密碼為 0001，可通(tong)過登錄(lu)(lu)界面(mian)修改密碼。

??此界(jie)面可以設置更改(gai)系統時間(jian)，如果主界(jie)面時間(jian)顯示(shi)不對，可以登錄后進行時間(jian)更改(gai)，完成(cheng)后點擊保(bao)存修(xiu)改(gai)。

??登(deng)錄(lu)后，當前(qian)用戶顯(xian)示(shi)用戶名稱(cheng)，此(ci)時點擊“參(can)(can)數設(she)置(zhi)"按(an)鈕進(jin)入參(can)(can)數設(she)置(zhi)界面，可以單個回路的(de)絕緣監測(ce)儀(yi)的(de)預警(jing)值(zhi)和告警(jing)值(zhi)。當測(ce)得絕緣阻值(zhi)超出設(she)定(ding)值(zhi)時，觸(chu)摸屏顯(xian)示(shi)告警(jing)并(bing)且蜂鳴(ming)器鳴(ming)叫。設(she)置(zhi)好(hao)參(can)(can)數之后，點擊“設(she)置(zhi)"按(an)鈕，更改絕緣監測(ce)儀(yi)設(she)定(ding)值(zhi)。

??※ 報警信息

??點擊(ji)報(bao)警(jing)(jing)記錄，進入(ru)報(bao)警(jing)(jing)記錄界面，顯示(shi)告警(jing)(jing)發(fa)(fa)生情況。當儀表發(fa)(fa)生報(bao)警(jing)(jing)時，主界面顯示(shi)報(bao)警(jing)(jing)，并且蜂(feng)鳴(ming)器(qi)鳴(ming)叫，此界面顯示(shi)出報(bao)警(jing)(jing)提示(shi)。接(jie)觸(chu)報(bao)警(jing)(jing)后，蜂(feng)鳴(ming)器(qi)關閉。

??※ 曲線查看

??點擊曲線(xian)(xian)(xian)查詢按鈕，進入(ru)“曲線(xian)(xian)(xian)查看"界面(mian)，每一個頁面(mian)存(cun)有(you)4條曲線(xian)(xian)(xian)，根據現場(chang)實際(ji)情況(kuang)顯示。每1小時記錄一次溫度，可以存(cun)儲(chu)30天。具體曲線(xian)(xian)(xian)要求可在屏上自行(xing)調節。

??5、 產品選型

??6、 技術指標

??※ AIM-T500L絕(jue)緣監測儀

??※ ASG200測試信號發生器

??※ AIL200-12絕緣故障(zhang)定位儀

??7、 定位互感器選型

??8、結束語

??隨著航運(yun)事業的(de)(de)發展(zhan)，船舶(bo)停靠碼頭時(shi)使用(yong)岸電系統(tong)具有(you)節能、減排、降噪等優(you)點，具有(you)很強的(de)(de)可操作性(xing)(xing)(xing)，前景廣闊(kuo)。安科瑞(rui)AIM-T系統(tong)絕緣(yuan)監(jian)測產(chan)品運(yun)用(yong)在(zai)該(gai)系統(tong)中可以保障該(gai)系統(tong)的(de)(de)安全性(xing)(xing)(xing)、連續性(xing)(xing)(xing)及(ji)可靠性(xing)(xing)(xing)，值得推廣。

??參考文獻

??[1] 安科(ke)瑞(rui)IT系統(tong)絕緣監(jian)測(ce)及監(jian)控系統(tong)（中英(ying)文） 2020.1

??[2] 李學文，孫可平.船舶接(jie)用岸電(dian)技術[J]. 上(shang)海海事大學，2006，（9）