安科瑞 繆凱倫 陳聰 陳正
摘 要:施工場地往往十分(fen)凌亂(luan),臨時性(xing)、無計(ji)劃性(xing)是其特點,這就(jiu)存在(zai)著(zhu)安(an)全隱(yin)患。特別是在(zai)臨時用(yong)電(dian)方面,往往隨意扯線,無安(an)全保(bao)障措(cuo)施。尤(you)其是近些年連續發(fa)生了多起漏電(dian)造成人員傷亡的(de)事故,在(zai)這種情況下,剩余(yu)電(dian)流監(jian)測儀作為一種漏電(dian)保(bao)護裝(zhuang)置在(zai)施工領(ling)域就(jiu)顯得十分(fen)重(zhong)要。
??關鍵詞:施工場地;觸電事故;用電安全;剩余電流監測儀
??0 行業背景
??為什么施工場地是電氣危險大的特殊場所?
??有以下幾個(ge)方面的原(yuan)因是施工場(chang)地(di)比一(yi)般(ban)場(chang)所具有更(geng)大的電氣(qi)危險性(xing)。
??(1)施(shi)工場地(di)屬于戶(hu)外不具(ju)備等電(dian)位聯結的場所,在(zai)相同的故(gu)(gu)障條件(jian)下施(shi)工場地(di)的接(jie)觸電(dian)壓(ya)更高,電(dian)擊(ji)致死(si)(si)的危險更大。為減少電(dian)擊(ji)死(si)(si)亡事故(gu)(gu),在(zai)施(shi)工場地(di)內要求在(zai)更短的時(shi)間內切(qie)斷(duan)接(jie)地(di)故(gu)(gu)障。
??(2)施工(gong)場(chang)地(di)是(shi)電(dian)氣(qi)(qi)環境條(tiao)件惡(e)劣的(de)(de)場(chang)所,它不僅因風(feng)吹、雨淋(lin)、日曬等惡(e)劣氣(qi)(qi)候條(tiao)件使電(dian)氣(qi)(qi)絕(jue)緣水平下(xia)降,而且(qie)由于場(chang)地(di)內眾(zhong)多運輸(shu)車輛和施工(gong)機械(xie)的(de)(de)運作,使電(dian)氣(qi)(qi)設(she)備和線路易(yi)受撞擊碾壓導致機械(xie)損傷。另(ling)外,施工(gong)用的(de)(de)配(pei)電(dian)箱、插座(zuo)箱和電(dian)線電(dian)纜等設(she)備線路還經(jing)常更換場(chang)地(di),這個(ge)施工(gong)場(chang)地(di)就是(shi)一個(ge)臨時性的(de)(de)電(dian)氣(qi)(qi)裝置,頻繁的(de)(de)挪動和運輸(shu)十分容易(yi)給施工(gong)用的(de)(de)配(pei)電(dian)設(she)備和電(dian)線電(dian)纜造成機械(xie)損傷,留下(xia)事故(gu)隱患(huan)。
??(3)在施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)場(chang)地作(zuo)業(ye)的(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)員自(zi)身還特別易受(shou)到電(dian)擊的(de)(de)傷害。因(yin)為他們在作(zuo)業(ye)中常(chang)被水濺雨(yu)淋,使皮膚(fu)潮濕人(ren)體阻(zu)抗下降(jiang),所以(yi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)場(chang)地的(de)(de)接觸(chu)電(dian)壓限值UL不是(shi)50V而是(shi)25V,他們又經常(chang)使用發生電(dian)擊時難以(yi)擺(bai)脫的(de)(de)手持式和移動(dong)式的(de)(de)電(dian)動(dong)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)具降(jiang)低(di)電(dian)源額定電(dian)壓,這些(xie)不利(li)因(yin)素都能(neng)使施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)員遭(zao)受(shou)電(dian)擊時發生心室(shi)纖(xian)顫(zhan)致死的(de)(de)危險加(jia)大。
??為加強施(shi)(shi)工(gong)現場的(de)(de)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)管理,確保(bao)(bao)(bao)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)安(an)全、可靠,防止觸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)事故(gu)的(de)(de)發生,在《施(shi)(shi)工(gong)現場臨時用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)安(an)全技術規范》(JGJ46-2005)規定:施(shi)(shi)工(gong)現場臨時用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)工(gong)程需要(yao)(yao)采用TIN-S系(xi)統,設置專用的(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)零線,要(yao)(yao)求使用五(wu)芯電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜配(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統采用“三(san)級(ji)(ji)配(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)兩(liang)(liang)級(ji)(ji)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)"(三(san)級(ji)(ji)配(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)是(shi)指總配(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)箱(xiang)、分(fen)配(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)箱(xiang)、開(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)箱(xiang),開(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)箱(xiang),開(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)箱(xiang)下是(shi)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備;兩(liang)(liang)級(ji)(ji)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)是(shi)指在總配(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)箱(xiang)和開(kai)(kai)關(guan)(guan)箱(xiang)中(zhong)分(fen)別裝設漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)器,實行至少兩(liang)(liang)級(ji)(ji)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)),實行“一(yi)(yi)機、一(yi)(yi)閘、一(yi)(yi)箱(xiang)、一(yi)(yi)漏"。漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)器作為工(gong)地防止觸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)傷害的(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)項保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi),已在施(shi)(shi)工(gong)中(zhong)得到推廣。
??1 產品介紹
??安科瑞ASJ系列剩余電(dian)流(liu)(liu)動作繼電(dian)器(qi)(qi)和多回路剩余電(dian)流(liu)(liu)監測儀可(ke)(ke)與低(di)壓斷路器(qi)(qi)或低(di)壓接觸(chu)器(qi)(qi)等組(zu)成(cheng)組(zu)合(he)式(shi)剩余電(dian)流(liu)(liu)保(bao)護裝置,主要適(shi)用于交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)50Hz,額定電(dian)壓400V及以下(xia)的TT和TN系統(tong)配(pei)電(dian)線路,用來(lai)對電(dian)氣(qi)(qi)線路進(jin)行接地故(gu)(gu)障保(bao)護,防(fang)止(zhi)接地故(gu)(gu)障電(dian)流(liu)(liu)引起的設備損壞和電(dian)氣(qi)(qi)火(huo)災(zai)事故(gu)(gu),也可(ke)(ke)用來(lai)對人(ren)身觸(chu)電(dian)危(wei)險提供間接接觸(chu)保(bao)護。
ASJ10/20系列剩余電流(liu)動作(zuo)繼電器(qi)
ASJ60系列剩余(yu)電流(liu)監測儀
??2 功能介紹
??ASJ10/20系列剩(sheng)余(yu)電(dian)流(liu)動作繼電(dian)器具(ju)有以下(xia)功能:A型或(huo)者AC型剩(sheng)余(yu)電(dian)流(liu)測(ce)量,剩(sheng)余(yu)電(dian)流(liu)越限報(bao)警(jing)指示,額(e)定剩(sheng)余(yu)動作電(dian)流(liu)可設(she)定,不驅動時間可設(she)定,兩組繼電(dian)器輸(shu)出,具(ju)有就地(di),遠程“測(ce)試"、“復位"功能;
??ASJ60系列剩余電(dian)流監測儀具有(you)以下功(gong)能(neng):16路(lu)剩余電(dian)流監測,1路(lu)預警(jing)繼電(dian)器輸出,16路(lu)報(bao)警(jing)繼電(dian)器輸出,2路(lu)DI輸入,自動重合閘(zha)功(gong)能(neng),遠(yuan)程通訊功(gong)能(neng),遠(yuan)程分合閘(zha)功(gong)能(neng)。
??3 技術指標
??ASJ10/20系列剩余電流動作繼電器技(ji)術指標
??ASJ60系(xi)列剩余電流(liu)監(jian)測儀技術指標
??4 選用說明
??剩(sheng)余(yu)電流動(dong)作繼電器在應用時應注意(yi)低(di)壓系統的接線型式(shi)。
??其(qi)余(yu)接線型式需要改造成以(yi)上(shang)兩種型式使(shi)用(yong),防止出(chu)線誤(wu)動(dong)作(zuo)或者不(bu)動(dong)作(zuo)的情況。
??剩(sheng)余電(dian)流互感(gan)器的選擇(ze)應根(gen)據主回路的額定電(dian)流為參考選擇(ze),
??實際應如圖所示,互感器安裝在主回路(lu)或者支(zhi)路(lu)上,通過(guo)測量剩余電流判斷(duan)是否驅動斷(duan)路(lu)器動作。
ASJ10/20剩余電流(liu)繼電器典(dian)型應用(yong)
ASJ60剩余電流監(jian)測儀典型應用(yong)
??5 注意事項
??當采用剩余電流動作保(bao)護器(RCD)作為電擊防(fang)護附(fu)加防(fang)護措施時,應(ying)符合(he)下列規(gui)定(ding):
??1、額定剩余電(dian)流動作值不(bu)應大于(yu)30mA;
??2、額定電流不超過32A的下列回(hui)路應裝設剩(sheng)余電流動作保護器(RCD):
??2.1供一般人員(yuan)使用的(de)電源插(cha)座回路(lu);
??2.2 室內移(yi)動電氣設備(bei);
??2.3人(ren)員可觸及的室外電(dian)氣(qi)設備。
??3 剩余電流動作保護(hu)器(RCD)不應作為惟(wei)一的保護(hu)措(cuo)施;
??4采(cai)用剩余電流動作保護(hu)器(RCD)時應裝設保護(hu)接地(di)導體(PE)。
??6結語
??漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)護裝置在(zai)(zai)對(dui)人(ren)(ren)體無意識的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)接觸(chu)通(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)備導致(zhi)觸(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)體況下進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)預(yu)防,能(neng)(neng)夠的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)減(jian)少造成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傷(shang)害,對(dui)于因(yin)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)弧(hu)性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)接地情況而導致(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)方面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)火災有很(hen)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)預(yu)防效果(guo)。漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)護設(she)(she)施需(xu)要(yao)使用正確的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方式進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)安裝,保(bao)持接線狀(zhuang)態(tai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)合理性(xing);在(zai)(zai)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)通(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)線路的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鋪設(she)(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)候需(xu)要(yao)根據相應的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)標準進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing);并且對(dui)于施工(gong)現場電(dian)(dian)(dian)工(gong)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)自身素質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)培養與提(ti)高,盡可(ke)能(neng)(neng)降低保(bao)護漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)備的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)錯(cuo)誤動作,這樣(yang)對(dui)于施工(gong)場地安全用電(dian)(dian)(dian)方面也是(shi)一(yi)個重大保(bao)障,這也是(shi)對(dui)于施工(gong)流(liu)暢的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)正常運行(xing)提(ti)供安全的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施工(gong)環境(jing)!
??參考文獻
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