安科瑞 繆凱倫

摘 要：隨著社(she)會經濟的快速(su)(su)發展，我(wo)國變電站(zhan)正朝著現(xian)(xian)代化(hua)的方(fang)向(xiang)不斷發展,自(zi)(zi)動化(hua)設備(bei)以(yi)及繼電保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)裝置(zhi)憑借自(zi)(zi)身優異(yi)性(xing)能(neng)而(er)獲得廣泛應(ying)用。本(ben)文介紹(shao)的AM4-I微(wei)機保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)裝置(zhi)和AM5-B備(bei)自(zi)(zi)投保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)裝置(zhi)，可(ke)以(yi)針(zhen)對(dui)高速(su)(su)公路配電工(gong)程中(zhong)不同保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)對(dui)象提供(gong)對(dui)應(ying)的保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)功能(neng)，并且通(tong)過電力監控系(xi)統采集相(xiang)關遙(yao)測、遙(yao)信數據進行監控，能(neng)大大提高變電站(zhan)運行的可(ke)靠性(xing)、安全性(xing)、提高供(gong)電質(zhi)量，有(you)利于實現(xian)(xian)變電站(zhan)綜合自(zi)(zi)動化(hua)，實現(xian)(xian)無人或(huo)少人值班。

??關鍵詞：安全性；穩定性；微(wei)機保護(hu)裝置；綜(zong)合(he)自動化；高速公路；電力監控系統

??1 概述

??賀州至(zhi)巴馬(ma)高速公路(lu)(lu)，簡稱賀巴高速公路(lu)(lu)。是廣西高速公路(lu)(lu)網規(gui)劃修編“6橫(heng)7縱(zong)8支線"中的橫(heng)3，分為鐘山至(zhi)昭平、昭平至(zhi)蒙山、蒙山至(zhi)象(xiang)州、象(xiang)州至(zhi)來賓、來賓至(zhi)都(dou)安、都(dou)安至(zhi)巴馬(ma)6個(ge)分項(xiang)目，本次項(xiang)目主要涉及的是都(dou)安至(zhi)巴馬(ma)路(lu)(lu)段(duan)。

??都(dou)安(an)至(zhi)巴(ba)馬(ma)(ma)高(gao)(gao)速(su)公(gong)路(lu)路(lu)線起于河池市(shi)都(dou)安(an)縣澄江(jiang)鄉東(dong)謝村G210國道(dao)附(fu)近，與規劃的(de)來賓至(zhi)都(dou)安(an)段相接，路(lu)線向西與蘭海高(gao)(gao)速(su)公(gong)路(lu)(G75線)都(dou)安(an)至(zhi)南寧段相交(jiao)后，總(zong)體(ti)走向由(you)東(dong)向西，路(lu)線途經(jing)都(dou)安(an)、大(da)(da)化(hua)、巴(ba)馬(ma)(ma)三縣，終點位于河池市(shi)巴(ba)馬(ma)(ma)縣縣城以西巴(ba)馬(ma)(ma)鎮拉塘村附(fu)近，與在建的(de)河池至(zhi)百色高(gao)(gao)速(su)公(gong)路(lu)相接。路(lu)線全長約120公(gong)里，匡算總(zong)投資156億元，采用設計(ji)速(su)度(du)100Km/h，路(lu)基寬26.0米，雙向四車道(dao)標準。全線共設置8座互通(tong)式(shi)立(li)交(jiao)，其中2處(chu)樞紐(niu)互通(tong)立(li)交(jiao)（都(dou)安(an)南、巴(ba)馬(ma)(ma)西）、6處(chu)落地互通(tong)（澄江(jiang)、大(da)(da)化(hua)、古河、巖灘、羌圩、那桃）；共設置兩處(chu)服(fu)務區（大(da)(da)化(hua)、巴(ba)馬(ma)(ma)）。

??本(ben)項目(mu)配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)工程共有澄(cheng)江收費(fei)站(zhan)(zhan)、弄(nong)莫隧道(dao)、地蘇停車區、大化監(jian)控(kong)(kong)分(fen)中心、巴馬東服務(wu)區等59個變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)所(suo)。其中，收費(fei)站(zhan)(zhan)、服務(wu)區、管(guan)理(li)中心及(ji)(ji)與管(guan)理(li)中心合(he)建的(de)(de)停車區等站(zhan)(zhan)區采(cai)用土(tu)建變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)所(suo)形式，獨(du)立設(she)置的(de)(de)停車區、樞紐互(hu)通采(cai)用箱式變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)形式。變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)所(suo)高壓(ya)柜(ju)采(cai)用KYN28-12型移開(kai)(kai)式金屬鎧裝高壓(ya)開(kai)(kai)關(guan)柜(ju)，配真(zhen)空斷路(lu)器(qi)VBGs-12P，箱式變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)高壓(ya)柜(ju)采(cai)用SM6環網開(kai)(kai)關(guan)柜(ju)。所(suo)有高壓(ya)開(kai)(kai)關(guan)柜(ju)均(jun)需安裝微機(ji)(ji)(ji)保(bao)護裝置，實現過(guo)流、速斷、零序、超溫等繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)護及(ji)(ji)實現遙(yao)(yao)控(kong)(kong)、遙(yao)(yao)測、遙(yao)(yao)信三(san)遙(yao)(yao)功能。變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)操(cao)作(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)由(you)專用UPD提(ti)供，且UPS滿足電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力監(jian)控(kong)(kong)系統接(jie)口要求。高壓(ya)開(kai)(kai)關(guan)柜(ju)內需設(she)置凝(ning)露(lu)控(kong)(kong)制器(qi)、加熱板及(ji)(ji)檢修燈。為確保(bao)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)可靠性(xing)，各站(zhan)(zhan)區10/0.4kV變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)所(suo)均(jun)設(she)置一臺柴(chai)(chai)油(you)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)作(zuo)為備用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)，發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)容量在(zai)200kW-500kW之間(jian)(jian)。在(zai)市電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)停電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后，柴(chai)(chai)油(you)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)可以(yi)自啟動，為重要負荷供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。柴(chai)(chai)油(you)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)各項狀(zhuang)態數據(ju)，由(you)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)控(kong)(kong)制屏數據(ju)接(jie)口，通過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力監(jian)控(kong)(kong)系統的(de)(de)智能通信管(guan)理(li)機(ji)(ji)(ji)傳(chuan)輸至路(lu)段(duan)監(jian)控(kong)(kong)分(fen)中心。主電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)和備用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)之間(jian)(jian)利用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)切(qie)換屏，使其不(bu)能并聯(lian)運行。

??2 項目需求

??本次針對(dui)都安至(zhi)巴馬(ma)高(gao)速公路配電工程項目中不同保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)對(dui)象(xiang)配置(zhi)(zhi)不同微(wei)機保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)裝置(zhi)(zhi)，10kV進(jin)線柜、變(bian)壓(ya)器出線柜均配置(zhi)(zhi)AM4-I微(wei)機保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)裝置(zhi)(zhi)；高(gao)壓(ya)自動轉換開關(guan)柜中主(zhu)供進(jin)線配置(zhi)(zhi)AM5-B備(bei)(bei)自投保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)裝置(zhi)(zhi)，實(shi)現兩路進(jin)線的自動切換功能。這兩款微(wei)機保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)裝置(zhi)(zhi)主(zhu)要通過(guo)以下保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)功能實(shi)現對(dui)高(gao)壓(ya)柜的設備(bei)(bei)運行情況實(shi)時監(jian)視和(he)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)：

??3 產品方案

??本(ben)工(gong)程10kV配電(dian)工(gong)程共有59個變電(dian)所，以達墨隧道2#變電(dian)所、弄莫隧道2#變電(dian)所為例，上圖(tu)方(fang)案如下：

圖(tu)1 達墨隧道2#變(bian)電所上圖(tu)方案

圖2 弄(nong)莫隧道2#變電所上圖方案(an)

??整個(ge)都安(an)至巴馬(ma)高速公路共有59個(ge)變電(dian)所，每個(ge)變電(dian)所所設微機保護(hu)型號(hao)與數(shu)量如(ru)下(xia)：

??上述(shu)都安至巴馬高速公路變電(dian)(dian)所共配(pei)置180臺(tai)AM4-I微機(ji)保(bao)護裝置和17臺(tai)AM5-B備(bei)自投(tou)保(bao)護裝置，此外(wai)，本項目針對低壓各回路配(pei)置2365只AMC72電(dian)(dian)能(neng)表和328只PC96電(dian)(dian)能(neng)表。

??4 系統需求

??為(wei)實(shi)時監(jian)(jian)(jian)視整(zheng)(zheng)個配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)室的(de)運行(xing)以及數(shu)據(ju)采集(ji)，該項目(mu)配(pei)置(zhi)一套電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)監(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)系(xi)統，主要實(shi)現(xian)(xian)對都安至(zhi)巴馬各(ge)(ge)個變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)所的(de)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)監(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)與管(guan)理。監(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)范圍為(wei)變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)所的(de)微機保護裝置(zhi)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)能表(biao)、變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)溫(wen)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)儀、EPS、UPS、無功補償、柴(chai)發、發電(dian)(dian)(dian)機控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制屏、液(ye)位(wei)儀、風機軟啟動器(qi)和照明控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制器(qi)。本系(xi)統由(you)用(yong)戶管(guan)理層、網絡通信層、現(xian)(xian)場設備層三(san)部(bu)分(fen)組成，現(xian)(xian)場設置(zhi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能表(biao)采用(yong)屏蔽雙(shuang)絞線連(lian)(lian)接至(zhi)各(ge)(ge)分(fen)區數(shu)據(ju)采集(ji)器(qi)，各(ge)(ge)分(fen)區數(shu)據(ju)采集(ji)器(qi)將數(shu)據(ju)分(fen)類(lei)處理后(hou)，通過(guo)網線連(lian)(lian)接至(zhi)局域網交換機上傳(chuan)至(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)監(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)系(xi)統主機，實(shi)現(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)監(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)功能。整(zheng)(zheng)個系(xi)統的(de)架構(gou)如下：

圖3 系統架構圖

??整個電力監(jian)控系統的高(gao)速公路主界面顯示如下：

圖4 都安至巴(ba)馬高速公路主界面監(jian)視圖

??電力監控系統可實現的功能如下(xia)：

??1）實時監測(ce)：以(yi)配(pei)電(dian)一次(ci)圖的形式直觀顯(xian)示配(pei)電(dian)線路(lu)的運行(xing)狀態，可以(yi)實時監測(ce)各(ge)(ge)回(hui)路(lu)電(dian)壓、電(dian)流(liu)、功率、功率因數等電(dian)參數信息，動態監視各(ge)(ge)配(pei)電(dian)回(hui)路(lu)斷路(lu)器、隔離開關、地(di)刀等合、分閘狀態。各(ge)(ge)個監控設備的監測(ce)界(jie)面(mian)如下(xia)：

圖5 弄(nong)莫隧道2#變電所(suo)10kV配電監測(ce)界(jie)面

圖6 弄莫隧道2#變電所0.4kV配(pei)電監測界面

??2）電(dian)(dian)參(can)量查詢：在配電(dian)(dian)一(yi)次圖中，可以(yi)直(zhi)接查看(kan)該回(hui)路詳細電(dian)(dian)參(can)量，包括三相電(dian)(dian)流、三相電(dian)(dian)壓、總(zong)有功(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)、總(zong)無(wu)功(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)、總(zong)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)因(yin)數、正向有功(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)能等(deng)。

??3）運(yun)行(xing)報(bao)(bao)表(biao)(biao)： 查詢各回路或設(she)備(bei)時間的運(yun)行(xing)參(can)數，報(bao)(bao)表(biao)(biao)中顯示電(dian)(dian)參(can)量(liang)信息應包括：各相電(dian)(dian)流、三相電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、總功率因數、總有(you)功功率、總無功功率、正向有(you)功電(dian)(dian)能等(deng)，報(bao)(bao)表(biao)(biao)格式有(you)日(ri)報(bao)(bao)表(biao)(biao)、月報(bao)(bao)表(biao)(biao)、年報(bao)(bao)表(biao)(biao)等(deng)。

圖7 弄六隧道變電所用電報表(biao)

??4）實時告(gao)警(jing)：能夠對配電回路(lu)斷路(lu)器(qi)、隔離開(kai)關、接(jie)地刀分、合動作(zuo)等遙信變位，保護動作(zuo)、事(shi)故跳閘等事(shi)件發(fa)出(chu)告(gao)警(jing)。

圖8 都安至(zhi)巴馬(ma)高速(su)公路報警信(xin)息(xi)

??5）歷史事(shi)件(jian)(jian)查詢：能夠對遙信(xin)(xin)變(bian)位，保護動作、事(shi)故跳閘，以及電壓、電流、功率(lv)、功率(lv)因數越限等事(shi)件(jian)(jian)記錄(lu)進行存(cun)儲和管(guan)理，方便用戶對系(xi)統事(shi)件(jian)(jian)和報(bao)警信(xin)(xin)息(xi)進行歷史追溯(su)，查詢統計(ji)、事(shi)故分析。

圖9 弄(nong)莫隧道(dao)2#變(bian)電(dian)所SOE事件

??6）故障(zhang)錄波： 能夠在系(xi)統(tong)發生故障(zhang)時，自動準確(que)地記錄故障(zhang)前(qian)、后過程(cheng)的(de)各種電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)量的(de)變(bian)化(hua)情況，通過對(dui)這(zhe)些(xie)電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)量的(de)分析(xi)、比較(jiao)，對(dui)分析(xi)處理事故、判斷保護是否正確(que)動作、提高電(dian)(dian)力(li)系(xi)統(tong)安全運行水(shui)平有著重要作用(yong)。

??7）事故追憶：能夠(gou)自動記錄事故時刻前后一段時間(jian)的所有(you)實時穩(wen)態(tai)信息，包括開關位置(zhi)、 保護動作(zuo)狀態(tai)、遙(yao)測量(liang)等(deng)，形成事故分析的數據基(ji)礎。

??8）曲(qu)(qu)(qu)線查詢(xun)(xun)：能夠查詢(xun)(xun)實時曲(qu)(qu)(qu)線和歷史曲(qu)(qu)(qu)線，包括三相電流、三相電壓(ya)、有功(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)率、無(wu)功(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)率、功(gong)(gong)率因數等(deng)所有遙測(ce)量。

圖(tu)10 下排一號(hao)隧道變電所(suo)變壓器視在功率查詢

??9）用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)權(quan)限管(guan)(guan)理：設(she)置(zhi)了(le)用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)權(quan)限管(guan)(guan)理功能，通過用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)權(quan)限管(guan)(guan)理能夠防止未經的操(cao)(cao)(cao)作(zuo)（如(ru)遙(yao)控的操(cao)(cao)(cao)作(zuo)，數據庫修(xiu)改等(deng)）。系統可(ke)以定義不(bu)同(tong)操(cao)(cao)(cao)作(zuo)權(quan)限的權(quan)限組(zu)（如(ru)管(guan)(guan)理員組(zu)、工程(cheng)師組(zu)、操(cao)(cao)(cao)作(zuo)員組(zu)等(deng)），在每個權(quan)限組(zu)里(li)分配不(bu)同(tong)用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)，為(wei)系統運行(xing)、維(wei)護、管(guan)(guan)理提供可(ke)靠的安全保障。

??10）網絡(luo)拓撲圖：支持實時(shi)監視接入系(xi)統的(de)各設(she)備的(de)通訊狀態(tai)，能夠完(wan)整的(de)顯示整個系(xi)統網絡(luo)結構(gou)；可在線診斷設(she)備通訊狀態(tai)，發生網絡(luo)異(yi)常(chang)時(shi)能自動在界面上顯示故(gu)障設(she)備或(huo)元件(jian)及(ji)其(qi)故(gu)障部位。

??11）遙控(kong)功(gong)能：根據電(dian)力規(gui)程要(yao)求，可以(yi)對(dui)整個配電(dian)系統范圍內(nei)的設備進行(xing)遠程遙控(kong)操作。

??12）通信管理(li)：可以對整(zheng)個配電系統范圍內的設備(bei)通信情況進行(xing)管理(li)、控制、數據的實(shi)時(shi)監測。

圖11 弄莫隧道(dao)變電所儀表通信(xin)狀態(tai)

??5 現場安裝圖(tu)片(pian)

??本項(xiang)目微機保(bao)護(hu)就地分散安裝(zhuang)在各個高壓開關(guan)柜上，保(bao)護(hu)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)以及電(dian)能表現場安裝(zhuang)如下圖所示。

圖(tu)12 微機保護裝置以及電(dian)能表在(zai)都安至巴(ba)馬高(gao)速公路配電(dian)工程現(xian)場安裝圖(tu)片(pian)

??6 結語

??微機保(bao)(bao)護裝置在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系統(tong)中(zhong)具有舉足輕重的地(di)位，它(ta)能夠(gou)反應設(she)備的故(gu)障和(he)不(bu)正常工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)狀(zhuang)態并(bing)自動迅速(su)地(di)、有選擇性(xing)地(di)動作(zuo)(zuo)于斷(duan)路器將故(gu)障設(she)備從系統(tong)中(zhong)切除，保(bao)(bao)證(zheng)*設(she)備繼(ji)續(xu)正常運(yun)(yun)行，將事故(gu)限(xian)制在(zai)小(xiao)范圍，提高系統(tong)運(yun)(yun)行的可(ke)靠(kao)性(xing)，大(da)(da)限(xian)度地(di)保(bao)(bao)證(zheng)向用戶安(an)全、連續(xu)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。本(ben)文介紹的AM4-I微機保(bao)(bao)護裝置和(he)AM5-B備自投保(bao)(bao)護裝置，可(ke)以針對(dui)高速(su)公路配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)工(gong)程(cheng)中(zhong)不(bu)同保(bao)(bao)護對(dui)象提供(gong)(gong)對(dui)應的保(bao)(bao)護功能，并(bing)且通過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)監(jian)控系統(tong)采集相關遙測、遙信數據進(jin)行監(jian)控，能大(da)(da)大(da)(da)提高變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)運(yun)(yun)行的可(ke)靠(kao)性(xing)、安(an)全性(xing)、提高供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)質量，有利于實現變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)綜合(he)自動化，實現無人或少人值(zhi)班。