安科瑞(rui) 繆凱倫

Application of open type Hall current sensor in power distribution system modification in a Russian factory

摘要(yao)：根據(ju)開(kai)口式霍(huo)爾電(dian)流(liu)傳感器的原理、特點及安裝方式，分析開(kai)口式霍(huo)爾電(dian)流(liu)傳感器在(zai)工廠改造配電(dian)系統中的應用，為用戶快速(su)實現直流(liu)系統智能配電(dian)提供解(jie)決方案(an)。

Abstract: According to the principle, characteristics and installation mode of the open-type Hall current sensor, the application of the open-type Hall current sensor in the transformation and distribution system of the factory is analyzed, so as to provide a solution for users to realize the intelligent distribution of DC system quickly.

關鍵詞：開口式霍(huo)爾電流傳感器(qi);直流配電系統;工作原理;應用

Key words: open type Hall current sensor;DC distribution system;working principle application

0概述Overview

   直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)配電(dian)(dian)(dian)系統通(tong)常由高頻(pin)開(kai)(kai)關電(dian)(dian)(dian)源和蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池組(zu)成，用(yong)(yong)于為(wei)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)系統中控制、信號、繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)護及自動裝置(zhi)、事故照明等提供可靠的直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源，對其供電(dian)(dian)(dian)的可靠性、穩定性以及供電(dian)(dian)(dian)質量均有著很高的要求。因(yin)此在該(gai)俄(e)羅斯直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)系統中，我們搭配的直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)霍爾(er)配電(dian)(dian)(dian)能表使用(yong)(yong)。直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)系統改造(zao)(zao)(zao)時(shi)不停電(dian)(dian)(dian)，工程改造(zao)(zao)(zao)難度(du)大，采用(yong)(yong)傳統的閉口(kou)(kou)霍爾(er)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)傳感器(qi)或者分流(liu)器(qi)也(ye)無法解決(jue)，因(yin)此可采用(yong)(yong)開(kai)(kai)口(kou)(kou)式霍爾(er)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)傳感器(qi)來解決(jue)改造(zao)(zao)(zao)項目中直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)計量問題，確保(bao)改造(zao)(zao)(zao)過(guo)程不停電(dian)(dian)(dian)且安全運行。

DC distribution system is usually composed of high frequency switching power supply and battery, which is used to provide reliable DC power supply for control, signal, relay protection and automatic devices, accident lighting and so on in DC system. It has high requirements for the reliability, stability and quality of power supply. Therefore, in the Russian DC system, we matched the DC Hall distribution meter used. During the transformation of DC system, there is no power outage, and the engineering transformation is difficult, and the traditional closed Hall current sensor or shunt can not solve the problem. Therefore, the open Hall current sensor can be used to solve the DC current measurement problem in the transformation project, so as to ensure the safe operation of the transformation process without power outage.

1產品設(she)計 Product Design  

1.1結(jie)構(gou)特(te)點(dian)Structural features    

開口(kou)式霍(huo)爾電(dian)流(liu)傳感(gan)(gan)器(qi)在(zai)傳統閉(bi)口(kou)霍(huo)爾電(dian)流(liu)傳感(gan)(gan)器(qi)的基礎(chu)上(shang)進行研發，結構新穎，外(wai)形(xing)美(mei)觀大方。整體由外(wai)殼(ke)、鐵(tie)芯(xin)、采樣線(xian)路板及固定樹脂構成，外(wai)殼(ke)材料采用PC/ABS合金，具有(you)(you)(you)耐高(gao)溫、機械強(qiang)度(du)高(gao)、環保等(deng)特點；鐵芯采(cai)用有(you)(you)(you)取向冷扎硅鋼(gang)片，具有(you)(you)(you)性能(neng)穩定，機械強(qiang)度(du)高(gao)，導磁率較高(gao)等(deng)特點；線(xian)路(lu)板(ban)與外(wai)部接(jie)線(xian)采(cai)用綠色(se)可插拔端子，現場接(jie)線(xian)方便(bian)、可靠。具體(ti)結構如(ru)圖1、2所示(shi)，產品外(wai)觀采(cai)用分(fen)體(ti)式設(she)計，圖1為圓(yuan)孔(kong)型，適合直流系(xi)統一次(ci)母線(xian)為電(dian)纜時穿(chuan)(chuan)過。，圖2方孔(kong)型，適合直流系(xi)統一次(ci)母線(xian)為銅排時穿(chuan)(chuan)過。根據(ju)一次(ci)電(dian)流的測量范(fan)(fan)圍及穿(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)要求，可選(xuan)擇相(xiang)應的產品類型。該系(xi)列傳(chuan)感器電(dian)流可測范(fan)(fan)圍為20A～20000A，主要外(wai)形有(you)(you)(you)ф20、ф40、ф60、64*16、85*27、104*36、140*50等(deng)多種規(gui)格，如(ru)圖3所示(shi)，適用于不(bu)同應用場合。

Open-mouth Hall current sensor is developed on the basis of traditional closed-mouth Hall current sensor. It has novel structure and beautiful appearance. The whole is composed of shell, iron core, sampling circuit board and fixed resin. The shell material is made of PC/ABS alloy, which has the characteristics of high temperature resistance, high mechanical strength and environmental protection. The core is made of oriented cold bonded silicon steel sheet, which has the characteristics of stable performance, high mechanical strength and extremely high magnetic conductivity. Green pluggable terminal is used for circuit board and external wiring, which is convenient and reliable for on-site wiring. The specific structure is shown in Figure 1 and 2. The appearance of the product adopts split design. Figure 1 is a round pass, which is suitable for passing through the DC system when the primary bus is a cable. , Fig. 2 square pass, suitable for the DC system when the primary bus is copper bar. According to the measurement range of primary current and perforation requirements, the corresponding product type can be selected. This series of sensors can measure the current range of 20A ~ 20000A, the main shape of the phi 20, 40, 60, 64*16, 85*27, 104*36, 140*50 and other specifications, as shown in Figure 3, suitable for different applications.

1.2工作原理Working principle

霍(huo)爾(er)(er)(er)電流(liu)傳感(gan)(gan)(gan)器(qi)是(shi)根據霍(huo)爾(er)(er)(er)效應、電磁感(gan)(gan)(gan)應原理(li)設計的一種傳感(gan)(gan)(gan)器(qi)，按(an)原理(li)可分(fen)為(wei)開環(huan)方式（直放式）和閉環(huan)方式（磁平衡(heng)式），開口(kou)式霍(huo)爾(er)(er)(er)電流(liu)傳感(gan)(gan)(gan)器(qi)是(shi)在傳統開環(huan)（直放式）霍(huo)爾(er)(er)(er)傳感(gan)(gan)(gan)器(qi)的基(ji)礎上加以改進，與傳統單鐵芯、單霍(huo)爾(er)(er)(er)芯片設計不同，為(wei)了(le)設計為(wei)分(fen)體(ti)式結構(gou)，將鐵芯分(fen)離(li)對稱(cheng)安裝，硬件采用(yong)雙霍(huo)爾(er)(er)(er)芯片并(bing)聯(lian)互(hu)補(bu)差(cha)分(fen)輸入，開口(kou)式霍(huo)爾(er)(er)(er)傳感(gan)(gan)(gan)器(qi)原理(li)如圖4所(suo)示：

Hall current sensor based on hall effect, electromagnetic induction principle, design of a sensor, according to the principle can be divided into the open loop mode (straight) and closed loop mode (magnetic balance type), open hall current sensor is in a traditional open loop (straight) is improved on the basis of hall sensor, is different from traditional single core, single chip design hall, In order to design a split structure, the iron core is separated and installed symmetrically. The hardware adopts parallel complementary differential input of double Hall chips. The principle of open-type Hall sensor is shown in Figure 4:

Fig. 4 Schematic diagram of open Hall sensor

   當原邊(bian)電流IP流過(guo)一(yi)根長(chang)導(dao)線(xian)時(shi)，在導(dao)線(xian)周圍將產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)場(chang)，磁(ci)(ci)(ci)場(chang)的(de)大(da)小(xiao)與流過(guo)導(dao)線(xian)的(de)電(dian)流成(cheng)正比，產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)場(chang)聚集(ji)在磁(ci)(ci)(ci)環內(nei)，通(tong)過(guo)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)環氣隙(xi)中(zhong)兩個霍爾(er)元件(jian)進(jin)行測量，兩霍爾(er)元件(jian)標(biao)志面相反(fan)置于同一(yi)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)場(chang)內(nei)，輸出信號具有互補特征，輸出電(dian)壓通(tong)過(guo)差分放大(da)輸出，不(bu)但可(ke)抑止共(gong)模(mo)干擾，也可(ke)溫(wen)度漂移的(de)影響，輸出電(dian)壓VS準確的(de)反(fan)映原邊(bian)電(dian)流IP。一(yi)般的(de)額(e)定輸出標(biao)定為DC±5V或DC4-20mA。

When the primary side current IP flows through a long wire, will produce a magnetic field around the wire, the size of the magnetic field and is proportional to the current through the wire, the magnetic field gathered in the circular, through two hall element in the circular air gap measurement, two hall element marks instead placed in the same field, the output signal with complementary characteristics of output voltage by differential amplifier output, Not only can suppress the common mode interference, but also the influence of temperature drift, the output voltage VS accurately reflect the original side current IP. The general rated output is calibrated as DC±;5V or DC4-20mA.

1.3產品(pin)安裝(zhuang)Product installation

以(yi)方孔產品為例，如圖5所(suo)示，將(jiang)開口式霍爾電(dian)流傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)感器(qi)(qi)的(de)安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)螺絲(si)打開，卸下(xia)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)感器(qi)(qi)的(de)下(xia)體(ti)；將(jiang)開口式霍爾電(dian)流傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)感器(qi)(qi)的(de)上(shang)體(ti)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)入(ru)配(pei)電(dian)系(xi)統的(de)一次母(mu)排，合(he)上(shang)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)感器(qi)(qi)的(de)下(xia)體(ti)，將(jiang)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)感器(qi)(qi)的(de)安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)螺絲(si)、墊(dian)(dian)片(pian)穿過(guo)上(shang)、下(xia)體(ti)的(de)固定(ding)孔(kong)(kong)，將(jiang)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)感器(qi)(qi)的(de)上(shang)、下(xia)體(ti)固定(ding)在一起。如果現場(chang)可(ke)(ke)斷(duan)(duan)電(dian)安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)，可(ke)(ke)在銅牌上(shang)按(an)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)感器(qi)(qi)間(jian)距(ju)要求(qiu)開兩個對應螺紋孔(kong)(kong)，將(jiang)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)感器(qi)(qi)通(tong)過(guo)后側的(de)安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)固定(ding)孔(kong)(kong)固定(ding)在母(mu)排螺紋孔(kong)(kong)上(shang)，完成傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)感器(qi)(qi)的(de)安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)；如現場(chang)要求(qiu)不斷(duan)(duan)電(dian)安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)，可(ke)(ke)采用配(pei)套橡膠墊(dian)(dian)塊內(nei)嵌于外殼與銅牌之間(jian)固定(ding)，確保傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)感器(qi)(qi)能在振動條件下(xia)也能可(ke)(ke)靠工作(zuo)，整個安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)過(guo)程(cheng)比較快速簡單(dan)。

Take square-hole products as an example, as shown in Figure 5, open the mounting screw of the open-type Hall current sensor, and remove the lower body of the sensor; The upper body of the open type Hall current sensor is loaded into the primary bus of the distribution system, and the lower body of the sensor is closed. The mounting screws and gaskets of the sensor pass through the fixing holes of the upper and lower bodies, and the upper and lower bodies of the sensor are fixed together. If on-site power off installation is possible, two corresponding threaded holes can be opened on the bronze plate according to the sensor spacing requirements, and the sensor is fixed on the threaded hole of the bus bar through the rear mounting fixing hole to complete the installation of the sensor; If the site requires continuous electric installation, the supporting rubber pad can be embedded between the shell and the bronze plate to ensure that the sensor can work reliably under vibration conditions. The whole installation process is relatively quick and simple.

Fig. 5 Product installation diagram

1.4開口式霍爾傳感器優點Advantages of open type Hall sensor

與(yu)傳(chuan)統直流電(dian)流計量一般采用分流器(qi)或(huo)互(hu)感器(qi)測量方法相比，開口式霍爾傳(chuan)感器(qi)具有(you)以(yi)下優點：

1）原(yuan)邊副(fu)邊絕緣強(qiang)度高，可高達AC 12kV隔離(li)；

2）無插入損耗；

3）動態性能(neng)好：響應時間小(xiao)于(yu)(yu)20us跟(gen)蹤速度di/dt高于(yu)(yu)20A/us

4) 安裝時無需拆卸(xie)原邊電纜或母排，特別適(shi)用于不允許(xu)斷(duan)電設備(bei)的改造施工。

Compared with the traditional DC current measurement method generally adopted by shunt or transformer, the open-type Hall sensor has the following advantages:

1) High insulation strength of primary side and secondary side, up to AC 12KV isolation;

2) No insertion loss;

3) Good dynamic performance: the response time is less than 20uS and the tracking speed Di /dt is higher than 20A/ uS

4) There is no need to disassemble the original side cable or bus during installation. It is especially suitable for the transformation and construction of equipment that is not allowed to lose power.

2.產(chan)品應(ying)用Product application

開口(kou)式霍爾(er)電流(liu)傳感器(qi)主要應用在工廠(chang)改(gai)造(zao)(zao)直(zhi)流(liu)配電系(xi)統中(zhong)，如電廠(chang)直(zhi)流(liu)電源系(xi)統改(gai)造(zao)(zao)、變電站直(zhi)流(liu)系(xi)統改(gai)造(zao)(zao)改(gai)造(zao)(zao)、通訊(xun)機房改(gai)造(zao)(zao)、鐵路機車改(gai)造(zao)(zao)等項目，它能(neng)將系(xi)統中(zhong)原邊直(zhi)流(liu)電流(liu)信號轉換成(cheng)為標準DC± 5V或4-20mA輸出，起(qi)到了監測和電氣隔離作用，可與(yu)多回路監控儀(yi)表或其他電氣測量(liang)儀(yi)表配套使用。

Open-end Hall current sensor is mainly used in the transformation of DC distribution system in factories, such as DC power system transformation in power plants, DC system transformation in substations, communication room transformation, railway locomotive transformation and other projects. It can convert the central edge DC current signal of the system into standard DC± 5V or 4-20mA output. It plays the role of monitoring and electrical isolation, and can be used with multi-loop monitoring instruments or other electrical measuring instruments.  

3.結(jie)論Conclusion

開(kai)口式(shi)霍爾電(dian)流傳感器因其(qi)結(jie)構簡(jian)單(dan)、安裝方(fang)便、運(yun)行(xing)可靠(kao)等良好的適用性(xing)，在直(zhi)流系統應用中發揮很(hen)大的作(zuo)用，特別是改造項目中得到了大量應用。

Open-end Hall current sensor plays an important role in the application of DC system because of its simple structure, convenient installation, reliable operation and other good applicability, especially in the renovation project.

參(can)考文(wen)獻(xian) Bibliography

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