安科瑞 繆凱倫(lun) 陳聰(cong) 陳正(zheng)
電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)火(huo)(huo)(huo)災(zai)(zai)一般是指由于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)線路、用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備(bei)及(ji)供配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備(bei)出現故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)性(xing)釋放的(de)熱(re)(re)能,如高(gao)溫、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)弧(hu)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)火(huo)(huo)(huo)花以(yi)(yi)及(ji)非故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)性(xing)釋放的(de)能量;如電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)熱(re)(re)器具(ju)的(de)熾熱(re)(re)表面,在(zai)(zai)具(ju)備(bei)燃(ran)(ran)燒條件(jian)下引(yin)燃(ran)(ran)本體或其它可(ke)燃(ran)(ran)物(wu)而(er)造成的(de)火(huo)(huo)(huo)災(zai)(zai),也包括(kuo)由雷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)引(yin)起的(de)火(huo)(huo)(huo)災(zai)(zai)。以(yi)(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)火(huo)(huo)(huo)災(zai)(zai)的(de)漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)為例,電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)線路及(ji)裝置因(yin)絕緣破(po)損有(you)接地(di)故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)時(shi),在(zai)(zai)漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)點和(he)導電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)不良連(lian)接處(chu)將引(yin)起電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)弧(hu)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)火(huo)(huo)(huo)花,這種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)弧(hu)具(ju)有(you)很大阻抗和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)降,它限制(zhi)了故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu),使過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)保護(hu)器不能動作(zuo)或不能及(ji)時(shi)動作(zuo)來(lai)切(qie)斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan),而(er)幾(ji)百毫安的(de)漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)弧(hu)產生的(de)局部高(gao)溫達2000℃以(yi)(yi)上,就足以(yi)(yi)引(yin)燃(ran)(ran)周(zhou)圍的(de)可(ke)燃(ran)(ran)物(wu)而(er)引(yin)起電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)火(huo)(huo)(huo)災(zai)(zai)。
公安部消防(fang)局《中(zhong)國(guo)火(huo)災(zai)(zai)統計(ji)年鑒》顯(xian)示(shi):近十年的(de)火(huo)災(zai)(zai)事故中(zhong),電氣(qi)火(huo)災(zai)(zai)所(suo)占比(bi)例在30%,且逐年呈上升趨勢,造成的(de)損失十分慘重(zhong)。事實上,電氣(qi)火(huo)災(zai)(zai)已成為消防(fang)安全的(de)主要致災(zai)(zai)因素,不(bu)僅次數多、損失大,而(er)且多年來一直居高不(bu)下(xia)。
本文(wen)就電氣火災系統在北京萬科(ke)項目中的應用,簡單介紹安科(ke)瑞Acrel-6000/Q電氣火災系統的實際應用和其實際意義(yi)。
1 項目概況
北京萬(wan)科(ke)辦(ban)公(gong)樓是一綜合商業建筑,本(ben)建筑由商業辦(ban)公(gong)大樓和超(chao)市(shi)組成,辦(ban)公(gong)大樓的(de)(de)以(yi)每層或每戶出租的(de)(de)形(xing)式商業化運(yun)作。由于本(ben)項(xiang)目(mu)為高層商用辦(ban)公(gong)樓,用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)負(fu)荷(he)較大。本(ben)大樓共(gong)計有(you)3個(ge)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)間(jian)(jian)。其中超(chao)市(shi)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)間(jian)(jian)負(fu)責(ze)整個(ge)超(chao)市(shi)部分的(de)(de)動力(li),照(zhao)明,插座用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),一號配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)間(jian)(jian)和二號配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)間(jian)(jian)負(fu)責(ze)整個(ge)辦(ban)公(gong)大樓部分的(de)(de)動力(li)、照(zhao)明、插座以(yi)及(ji)特(te)殊(shu)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。超(chao)市(shi)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)間(jian)(jian)、一號配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)間(jian)(jian)、二號配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)所有(you)出線回路。每個(ge)出線回路終端(duan)獨立對應一個(ge)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)箱。
為了監(jian)(jian)控整個配電(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)是否(fou)存在電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)火(huo)災(zai)隱(yin)患,現(xian)須根據本項目的(de)情況設計一套電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)火(huo)災(zai)監(jian)(jian)控系(xi)(xi)統(tong)。電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)火(huo)災(zai)監(jian)(jian)控系(xi)(xi)統(tong)須實時(shi)(shi)(shi)監(jian)(jian)測重要回路(lu)的(de)剩余電(dian)(dian)流(liu)值(zhi)、箱體回路(lu)的(de)實時(shi)(shi)(shi)溫度,監(jian)(jian)測的(de)數(shu)據實時(shi)(shi)(shi)傳(chuan)輸(shu)至后臺(tai)主機,當發(fa)生剩余電(dian)(dian)流(liu)值(zhi)越限、溫度越*,后臺(tai)能進行聲光報警(jing)(jing),同時(shi)(shi)(shi)后臺(tai)能夠和(he)消防火(huo)災(zai)報警(jing)(jing)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)實現(xian)消防聯動(dong)。
2 參照標準
近年來,國家為了(le)加大(da)電氣火災(zai)監(jian)控防范的(de)(de)(de)(de)力度,相繼制訂或修改了(le)一批相關標(biao)準規(gui)范,加強對(dui)電氣火災(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)預防。相關的(de)(de)(de)(de)標(biao)準規(gui)范已經(jing)對(dui)電氣火災(zai)監(jian)控系統提出了(le)具體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求,本(ben)項目中選用的(de)(de)(de)(de)安科瑞Acrel-6000/Q電氣火災(zai)系統的(de)(de)(de)(de)設計(ji)參(can)照的(de)(de)(de)(de)標(biao)準主(zhu)要(yao)有(you):
1.GB50045-95(2005版)《高層民用建筑(zhu)設計防(fang)火(huo)規范(fan)》,其中(zhong)在條文(wen)9.5.1里規定:高層建筑(zhu)內火(huo)災危險性大、人員密集(ji)等場所宜設置漏電火(huo)災報警系(xi)統。
2.GB50016-2006《建筑設計(ji)防火(huo)規范》,在條文11.2.7里規定:下(xia)列場所宜設置剩余(yu)電流動(dong)作電氣火(huo)災監控系統。這些場所包括各種類型的影劇院(yuan)、館所、倉庫、住宅小區、醫(yi)院(yuan)、商(shang)店(dian)、學校(xiao)等(deng)等(deng)。
3.國家標準(zhun)《建筑電(dian)(dian)氣火災預防要(yao)求和(he)檢(jian)測方(fang)法》有關條文也明確要(yao)求“應(ying)在電(dian)(dian)源進線(xian)端設置(zhi)自動切斷電(dian)(dian)源或報警的剩余電(dian)(dian)流動作保護器。
4.電氣火(huo)災監(jian)控系統(tong)的產品應滿足:GB14287.1-2005《電氣火(huo)災監(jian)控設備》、 GB14287.2-2005《剩余電流式電氣火(huo)災監(jian)控探測(ce)(ce)器》、GB14287.3-2005《測(ce)(ce)溫式電氣火(huo)災監(jian)控探測(ce)(ce)器》
5.電(dian)氣火災監(jian)控系統的安裝(zhuang)和運行應滿足GB13955-2005《剩余(yu)電(dian)流動作保(bao)護裝(zhuang)置安裝(zhuang)和運行》
6.電(dian)氣火災監控(kong)系(xi)統(tong)的供電(dian)應滿足GB50052《供配電(dian)系(xi)統(tong)設(she)計規(gui)范》的要求(qiu)
7.電(dian)(dian)氣火災監控(kong)系(xi)統(tong)的設(she)計(ji)應滿足《電(dian)(dian)氣火災監控(kong)系(xi)統(tong)的設(she)計(ji)方法》的要(yao)求(暫行規定(ding))
3.系統架構及設計
1)站控管理層
站控管理(li)層針對電(dian)氣火災(zai)監控系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)管理(li)人(ren)員(yuan),是人(ren)機(ji)(ji)交互的(de)(de)(de)直接(jie)窗口(kou),也是系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)上層部(bu)分(fen)。安科瑞電(dian)氣火災(zai)監控系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)主(zhu)機(ji)(ji)充(chong)分(fen)考慮到用戶(hu)的(de)(de)(de)操(cao)作(zuo)習(xi)慣(guan),和持(chi)續穩定運行(xing),參(can)照的(de)(de)(de)相應的(de)(de)(de)國(guo)家標準和規范。主(zhu)機(ji)(ji)主(zhu)要由監控軟件(jian)、觸摸屏、UPS電(dian)源、打印機(ji)(ji)等設備(bei)組成。將(jiang)現場的(de)(de)(de)各類數據信息進行(xing)計算(suan)、分(fen)析、處(chu)理(li),并以圖形(xing)、數顯、聲音、指示燈等方(fang)式反應給終端管理(li)人(ren)員(yuan)。使管理(li)人(ren)員(yuan)能夠實時掌握系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)動態,且(qie)實現故障信息可追循(xun),信息可導出等功能。
鑒于本項目中儀表點位以及數據量的規模,現為項目配置安科瑞Acrel-6000/Q主機,本主機的具體參數見下文介紹。
2)網絡通訊層
本(ben)(ben)項目中的所(suo)有儀(yi)表(biao)須嚴(yan)格(ge)按照手(shou)拉手(shou)的形式連接(jie),且所(suo)有的通(tong)訊(xun)總線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)須沿著弱電(dian)橋架鋪設(she)。本(ben)(ben)項目的3個(ge)配(pei)電(dian)間的數據(ju)總線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)設(she)計(ji)為一(yi)個(ge)配(pei)電(dian)間單(dan)獨(du)總線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),獨(du)立的總線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)便于(yu)后期(qi)系統的維護,發生(sheng)漏(lou)電(dian)流報警時也(ye)可以根據(ju)后期(qi)我方提供(gong)的點檢表(biao)快(kuai)(kuai)速定位(wei)故障回路,快(kuai)(kuai)速排除(chu)故障。具(ju)體(ti)的手(shou)拉手(shou)連接(jie)如(ru)下圖所(suo)示:
現場電氣(qi)火災(zai)探測(ce)器(qi)通(tong)過(guo)雙(shuang)絞線(ZR-RVSP2*1.0)以手拉手方式進(jin)行通(tong)訊連接,每根總線的儀表(biao)數(shu)量在(zai)20只左右。每根總線具體連接方式如(ru)下:
3)現場設備層
本項目中共計3個(ge)配電(dian)室,配電(dian)室內(nei)的每個(ge)配電(dian)柜都有多個(ge)抽屜(ti)柜。根據以上(shang)情況現為(wei)其(qi)配置安科瑞ARCM系列剩余(yu)電(dian)流(liu)式電(dian)氣火災監控探測(ce)器ARCM200L-J8,此款探測(ce)器性能:8回(hui)路(lu)(lu)剩余(yu)電(dian)流(liu)監測(ce)、2路(lu)(lu)溫(wen)度監測(ce)、2路(lu)(lu)開(kai)關量(liang)輸入、2路(lu)(lu)繼(ji)電(dian)器輸出、LCD顯示、RS485/Modbus協議(yi)。
ARCM系(xi)列剩余(yu)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)式電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)火災監(jian)(jian)(jian)控探(tan)(tan)測(ce)器,是針對(dui)(dui) 0.4kV 以下的(de)(de)(de)TT、TN 系(xi)統(tong)設(she)計的(de)(de)(de),通過(guo)對(dui)(dui)配電(dian)(dian)回路的(de)(de)(de)剩余(yu)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)、導(dao)線(xian)溫度、過(guo)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)、過(guo)電(dian)(dian)壓等(deng)火災危險參數(shu)實施監(jian)(jian)(jian)控和管理,從而預(yu)防電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)火災的(de)(de)(de)發生,并(bing)實現了(le)對(dui)(dui)多種電(dian)(dian)力參數(shu)的(de)(de)(de)實時監(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce),為能(neng)耗管理提供數(shu)據。產品(pin)采用*微控制器技術,集(ji)成度高,體積小巧,安裝方便,集(ji)智(zhi)能(neng)化,數(shu)字化,網絡化于(yu)一身,是建筑(zhu)電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)火災預(yu)防監(jian)(jian)(jian)控、系(xi)統(tong)絕緣老化預(yu)估等(deng)的(de)(de)(de)理想選(xuan)擇。產品(pin)符合 GB14287.2-2005《電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)火災監(jian)(jian)(jian)控系(xi)統(tong) 第2部分:剩余(yu)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)式電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)火災監(jian)(jian)(jian)控探(tan)(tan)測(ce)器》的(de)(de)(de)標準要求。
4系統特點和工作原理
鑒于(yu)本項目(mu)的規模,項目(mu)電(dian)氣火災檢測點位(wei)的實(shi)際(ji)情(qing)況(kuang)。無論在終(zhong)端剩余電(dian)流(liu)探測器還(huan)是后臺(tai)主(zhu)機都是根據本項目(mu)的實(shi)際(ji)情(qing)況(kuang)來進行設計(ji)的。
本(ben)項目的系統特點可總(zong)結(jie)為(wei)一下3點:
1.終端探(tan)測(ce)器選用8回路剩余電流探(tan)測(ce)器、方便安裝、節省(sheng)成本、便于后期維護。
2.RS485總線(xian)連接方便(bian),可(ke)操作性強(qiang)。總線(xian)布線(xian)時走(zou)的(de)是(shi)弱電(dian)橋(qiao)架(jia),不會受到強(qiang)電(dian)的(de)影響,確(que)保的(de)整個(ge)系(xi)統的(de)通訊穩定。
3.考慮到本(ben)項目中儀(yi)表(biao)數據量,客戶(hu)要求。本(ben)項目的主(zhu)機(ji)選用琴(qin)臺式。琴(qin)臺式主(zhu)機(ji)界面簡潔,系(xi)統(tong)操作方便,適合(he)本(ben)項目中的配電間環境和客戶(hu)的相關操作要求。
電氣(qi)火(huo)災(zai)系(xi)統工(gong)作原(yuan)理
1.剩(sheng)(sheng)余(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)測(ce)量(liang)是根(gen)據基爾霍夫電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)定(ding)律:在(zai)同(tong)一時(shi)刻,電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路中流(liu)(liu)入(ru)和(he)流(liu)(liu)出(chu)(chu)一個(ge)節(jie)點的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)矢(shi)量(liang)和(he)為(wei)零。以TN-S系統為(wei)例,將(jiang)A/B/C/N同(tong)時(shi)穿過剩(sheng)(sheng)余(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)互感(gan)器(qi),當系統未發(fa)生(sheng)漏(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi),流(liu)(liu)入(ru)和(he)流(liu)(liu)出(chu)(chu)剩(sheng)(sheng)余(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)互感(gan)器(qi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)矢(shi)量(liang)和(he)為(wei)零,此時(shi),剩(sheng)(sheng)余(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)互感(gan)器(qi)感(gan)應出(chu)(chu)的(de)二次(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)也為(wei)0;當某(mou)相對大(da)(da)地發(fa)生(sheng)漏(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),此時(shi)流(liu)(liu)入(ru)和(he)流(liu)(liu)出(chu)(chu)剩(sheng)(sheng)余(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)互感(gan)器(qi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)矢(shi)量(liang)和(he)不(bu)再為(wei)零,其大(da)(da)小等(deng)于從(cong)大(da)(da)地流(liu)(liu)走的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)即(ji)漏(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)。此漏(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)信(xin)號通過剩(sheng)(sheng)余(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)互感(gan)器(qi)的(de)二次(ci)接線傳輸(shu)至電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣火災(zai)探測(ce)器(qi),經運算放(fang)大(da)(da)、A/D轉換后送(song)入(ru)CPU,經過一系列算法后,對變化的(de)幅值進行(xing)分析(xi)、判斷,并與報警(jing)設定(ding)值進行(xing)比較,若超出(chu)(chu)定(ding)值則(ze)發(fa)出(chu)(chu)聲(sheng)光報警(jing)信(xin)號并上送(song)至后臺電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣火災(zai)監控設備。
2.終(zhong)端(duan)探測器(qi)負責監測各個回路的剩余(yu)電流(liu)值(zhi),將剩余(yu)電流(liu)值(zhi)的數(shu)據(ju)傳輸至(zhi)系統主機。終(zhong)端(duan)探測器(qi)還負責其監測回路剩余(yu)電流(liu)值(zhi)的實(shi)時顯示,同時能夠設(she)置限(xian)值(zhi),當剩余(yu)電流(liu)值(zhi)越*能夠發出聲光報警(jing),提醒管理(li)人員及時維護(hu)、整改。
3.儀表通過RS485總線將(jiang)數(shu)據傳(chuan)輸至系統主機,系統主機將(jiang)上傳(chuan)數(shu)據通過圖形(xing)、報(bao)表、事件記錄等形(xing)式反映整個系統的運行狀(zhuang)態。
5 系統設計注意事項和方法
5.1 電氣火(huo)災監控系統(tong)主要(yao)(yao)監測剩余電流和溫(wen)度兩(liang)類(lei)對象,在設計時應注意(yi)的基本要(yao)(yao)點
(1)關于剩余電流
由于剩余(yu)電(dian)流(liu)監測(ce)的原理采用(yong)(yong)了(le)基爾(er)霍夫電(dian)流(liu)定律(lv),所(suo)以,對所(suo)應用(yong)(yong)的低(di)壓配(pei)電(dian)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)形(xing)式有(you)一(yi)定要(yao)求。目(mu)前(qian),可以應用(yong)(yong)剩余(yu)電(dian)流(liu)互感器的低(di)壓配(pei)電(dian)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)有(you):TT系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong),IT系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong),TN-S系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong),不(bu)能使用(yong)(yong)在(zai)TN-C系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)中。對將要(yao)設計(ji)安裝(zhuang)電(dian)氣火災監控(kong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)的用(yong)(yong)戶(hu),不(bu)管(guan)是(shi)(shi)新工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)或(huo)舊工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)改造(zao)項目(mu),首(shou)先要(yao)調查(cha)核實該用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)低(di)壓配(pei)電(dian)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)的系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)接地形(xing)式是(shi)(shi)什么,否(fou)則(ze),設計(ji)安裝(zhuang)剩余(yu)電(dian)流(liu)互感器的點位進行檢測(ce)是(shi)(shi)根本(ben)無法施行的。
關于(yu)(yu)AC220V單相(xiang)(xiang)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)系統,剩余(yu)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)互(hu)(hu)感器(qi)只要(yao)套住L/N兩根(gen)電(dian)(dian)源線(xian)即可(ke),但要(yao)求(qiu)中性(xing)線(xian)N此后不容許再接(jie)地。對于(yu)(yu)AC380V三(san)(san)相(xiang)(xiang)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)系統,由于(yu)(yu)有三(san)(san)相(xiang)(xiang)三(san)(san)線(xian)制、三(san)(san)相(xiang)(xiang)四線(xian)制、三(san)(san)相(xiang)(xiang)五線(xian)制等使用狀況,則(ze)根(gen)據具體情況將剩余(yu)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)互(hu)(hu)感器(qi)同(tong)(tong)時套住A/B/C三(san)(san)相(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)源線(xian),或同(tong)(tong)時套住A/B/C/N線(xian)。同(tong)(tong)理(li),要(yao)求(qiu)中性(xing)線(xian)N此后不許再接(jie)地,保護(hu)線(xian)PE不得穿過(guo)互(hu)(hu)感器(qi)。
在系統接地的形(xing)式為TN-C型(xing)時工業自動化網(wang),須將(jiang)其改造為TN-S型(xing)、TN-C-S型(xing)或局(ju)部(bu)TT型(xing)系統后,才可以安裝剩余電流檢(jian)測裝置。
(2)關于溫度
溫(wen)度(du)(du)測(ce)量與系統接地的(de)(de)形式(shi)無關,主要考慮(lv)包(bao)括線纜(lan)在內(nei)的(de)(de)低壓(ya)配電(dian)裝置(zhi)中關鍵部位的(de)(de)溫(wen)度(du)(du),一般(ban)在二級保護的(de)(de)線路中應(ying)用。溫(wen)度(du)(du)探(tan)頭(tou)Pt100可采(cai)用接觸式(shi)布置(zhi)法,當被(bei)檢測(ce)對象為絕緣體時,宜將探(tan)測(ce)器的(de)(de)溫(wen)度(du)(du)傳感(gan)器直接設置(zhi)在被(bei)探(tan)測(ce)對象的(de)(de)表(biao)面。當被(bei)檢測(ce)對象為配電(dian)柜內(nei)部溫(wen)度(du)(du)變化時,可采(cai)用非(fei)接觸式(shi)布置(zhi),靠近發熱(re)部件。
5.2 系(xi)統(tong)設計中的點(dian)位分配
根(gen)據國家標準(zhun)GB13955-2005《剩余電(dian)流(liu)動作保護裝(zhuang)置(zhi)安(an)裝(zhuang)和運行》4.4條(tiao)中關于分級保護的(de)規(gui)定,安(an)裝(zhuang)剩余電(dian)流(liu)火災監控裝(zhuang)置(zhi)時(shi),點位分配(pei)原則的(de)步驟是:
(1)研究分析(xi)被控低壓AC380V/220V配(pei)電(dian)(dian)線路(lu)的(de)相(xiang)關圖紙,將(jiang)建筑(zhu)電(dian)(dian)氣的(de)分布情況調查核(he)實(shi),確(que)(que)定(ding)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)設備(如配(pei)電(dian)(dian)柜(ju)、箱、盤、電(dian)(dian)纜等重(zhong)要設備)的(de)位(wei)置(zhi),把每一(yi)個監控探測(ce)(ce)器分配(pei)到(dao)相(xiang)應的(de)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)設備上,以此(ci)來確(que)(que)定(ding)探測(ce)(ce)器的(de)數量,避免重(zhong)設浪費。
(2)確定分級(ji)(ji)保(bao)(bao)護。為了縮小發生人(ren)身(shen)電(dian)(dian)擊事(shi)故和接地故障切斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)源時引起的(de)停電(dian)(dian)范圍,通常在供電(dian)(dian)線(xian)路的(de)不同地點安裝(zhuang)三(san)級(ji)(ji)(或兩(liang)級(ji)(ji))不同容量的(de)剩余電(dian)(dian)流保(bao)(bao)護裝(zhuang)置,以形成分級(ji)(ji)保(bao)(bao)護。根據用電(dian)(dian)負載及線(xian)路情況,一(yi)般(ban)分兩(liang)級(ji)(ji)或三(san)級(ji)(ji)保(bao)(bao)護,適用于城鎮和農村保(bao)(bao)護。
其中,重(zhong)(zhong)要線(xian)路應包(bao)括(kuo)安防(fang)、消防(fang)、應急(ji)電(dian)源、通(tong)道照明線(xian)路及不容許停電(dian)的重(zhong)(zhong)要場所。
(3)二級(ji)保護(hu)中,所有開(kai)關(guan)處(chu)都要(yao)設置安(an)(an)裝剩余電流(liu)火(huo)(huo)(huo)災監(jian)控探(tan)測器,即在線(xian)路的電源端和分支首端(也稱為末端保護(hu))都要(yao)安(an)(an)裝剩余電流(liu)探(tan)測器,并接入電氣(qi)火(huo)(huo)(huo)災監(jian)控系統(tong),只(zhi)作火(huo)(huo)(huo)災監(jian)控報(bao)警。
(4)三級(ji)保護(hu)(hu)中(zhong),第三級(ji)(即末端保護(hu)(hu))開關處應設置剩余(yu)電(dian)流探測器及動(dong)作保護(hu)(hu)裝置,但不接入電(dian)氣火(huo)災監(jian)控(kong)系統(tong),為的是防止人身(shen)觸電(dian)。
(5)溫度檢(jian)測(ce)是以配電設(she)備異常時發熱為基(ji)本原(yuan)則而進行的(de)。
1)變壓器(qi)低壓側出(chu)線(xian)端子、變壓器(qi)體(ti)溫(風溫、油溫、水溫)測試(shi)點、負(fu)荷開關觸(chu)頭。
2)各配電柜(箱)的進出母線接點(dian)、自動(dong)開關(斷路器、刀開關)觸頭、大電流(liu)導線集中部位、線纜駁接點(dian)。
3)母聯柜主接(jie)點、刀開關(guan)觸頭(tou)。
4)補償電容器(qi)接線端子、轉換開關觸頭(tou)。
(6)根據點(dian)位安裝總數(shu),再(zai)選擇(ze)相應的壁掛、立(li)式(shi)或(huo)琴臺。
6 系統參數的配置
6.1 報警值設置范圍(wei)
本項(xiang)目中現場(chang)儀表(biao)的(de)剩余(yu)電(dian)(dian)流報警(jing)值設置(zhi)在(zai)300mA,關于剩余(yu)電(dian)(dian)流值的(de)設置(zhi)在(zai)相關的(de)國(guo)家標準都有詳(xiang)細的(de)規定。
依據國(guo)家標準GB14287.2-2005中的(de)(de)規(gui)定(ding),剩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)余電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)式(shi)電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)火災(zai)(zai)監控探測器(qi)的(de)(de)報(bao)警值(zhi)設(she)置范圍在20~1000mA之間。按此要求,一般把電(dian)(dian)源總進線(xian)處的(de)(de)剩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)余電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)動作值(zhi)定(ding)為400~800mA,電(dian)(dian)源分(fen)支線(xian)路上的(de)(de)剩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)余電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)動作值(zhi)定(ding)為100~400mA.一般在實(shi)際現場,設(she)置剩(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)余電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)式(shi)電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)火災(zai)(zai)監控探測器(qi)的(de)(de)報(bao)警值(zhi),具(ju)體地說應不小(xiao)于(yu)被保護電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)線(xian)路和設(she)備(bei)的(de)(de)正(zheng)常運行時泄漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)值(zhi)的(de)(de)2倍,且不大于(yu)1000mA。電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)火災(zai)(zai)探測器(qi)的(de)(de)報(bao)警設(she)定(ding)值(zhi)應考慮配電(dian)(dian)系(xi)統及用電(dian)(dian)設(she)備(bei)的(de)(de)正(zheng)常泄漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)。
6.2 關于電纜溫升報警設(she)定(ding)參考,根據《電力(li)電纜設(she)計(ji)規范(fan)》對電纜有關溫度的規定(ding)
(1)60℃以(yi)上高溫(wen)(wen)場所(suo)應按(an)經受高溫(wen)(wen)及其持續時間和絕(jue)緣(yuan)類型(xing)要求,選用(yong)耐(nai)熱聚(ju)氯乙烯、交聯(lian)聚(ju)乙烯或乙丙橡皮絕(jue)緣(yuan)等(deng)耐(nai)熱型(xing)電纜(lan)(lan)100℃以(yi)上高溫(wen)(wen)環境宜(yi)選用(yong)礦物絕(jue)緣(yuan)電纜(lan)(lan)。高溫(wen)(wen)場所(suo)不宜(yi)選用(yong)普通聚(ju)氯乙烯絕(jue)緣(yuan)電纜(lan)(lan)。
(2)電纜持續(xu)允許載流量的(de)環境(jing)溫度(du)應(ying)按使用地區的(de)氣象溫度(du)多年平(ping)均(jun)值(zhi)確定,并應(ying)符合(he)規定。在(zai)戶(hu)內電纜溝敷設時,環境(jing)溫度(du)為場(chang)所溫度(du)平(ping)均(jun)值(zhi)另加5℃.
(3)電(dian)纜所承受(shou)溫(wen)升與敷設及散熱條(tiao)件有關。
7 主要設備參數
北京萬科項目電氣(qi)(qi)火災(zai)(zai)監(jian)控系統由電氣(qi)(qi)火災(zai)(zai)監(jian)控裝置Acrel-6000/Q、漏電火災(zai)(zai)探測(ce)器(qi)ARCM200L-J8、漏電流互感器(qi)AKH-0.66L組成。
7.1主要技術參數
電源:
① 額定(ding)工作電壓AC220V(-15% ~ +10%)
② 備用(yong)電源:主電源欠壓或停電時,維持監控設備工(gong)作時間 ≥4小(xiao)時
工作制:
24小時工作制
通訊方式:
RS485總(zong)線通(tong)(tong)訊(xun),Modbus-RTU通(tong)(tong)信協(xie)議,傳輸距離(li)1.2km,可(ke)通(tong)(tong)過中繼器(qi)延(yan)長通(tong)(tong)訊(xun)傳輸距離(li)
監控容量:
① 監控設備可監控1024(須定制)個監控單元(探(tan)測器)
② 可配接ARCM系列(lie)監控探(tan)測器
監控報警項目:
① 剩余(yu)電流故(gu)障(漏電):故(gu)障單元屬性(部位、類型(xing))
② 溫度報警(jing)(超溫): 故障單元(yuan)屬性(部(bu)位、類(lei)型)
③ 電流故障(過(guo)流): 故障單元屬性(部位、類型)
監控報警響應時間: ≤30s
監(jian)控(kong)報警聲壓級(A計權):≥70dB/1m
監控報警光(guang)顯(xian)示(shi)(shi):紅色LED指示(shi)(shi)燈,紅色光(guang)報警信號(hao)應保持,直至手(shou)動復位
監(jian)控報警聲(sheng)信(xin)號:可手動消除,當再(zai)次有報警信(xin)號輸入時(shi),能(neng)再(zai)次啟(qi)動
故障報警項目:
① 監控設備與探測器之間(jian)的通(tong)訊連(lian)接線發生斷路或短路
② 監控(kong)設備主電源欠壓或斷(duan)電
③ 給電池充電的(de)充電器與電池之間的(de)連接(jie)線(xian)發(fa)生(sheng)斷路或短路
故障報警(jing)響應(ying)時間:≤100s
監控報警聲壓(ya)級(A計權(quan)):≥70dB/1m
監控報警光顯(xian)示(shi):黃色LED指示(shi)燈,黃色光報警信號應保持(chi)至故障排除(chu)
故障報警聲信(xin)號(hao):可手動(dong)消(xiao)除,當再次有報警信(xin)號(hao)輸(shu)入時,能(neng)再次啟動(dong)
故障(zhang)期間(jian),非(fei)故障(zhang)回路的正常工作不受(shou)影響
控制輸出:
報(bao)警(jing)控制輸出:1組常開無源觸(chu)點,容量:AC250V 3A或(huo)DC30V 3A
自檢項目:
① 指(zhi)示燈檢查:報警、故障、運行、主電源、備用電源指(zhi)示燈
② 顯示屏檢查
③ 音響器件檢查
自檢耗時 ≤60s
事件記錄:
① 記錄內容:記錄類型、發生時間、探測(ce)器編號、區域、故障(zhang)描述(shu),可存儲(chu)記錄不少(shao)于2萬(wan)條
② 記錄查(cha)詢:根(gen)據記錄的日期、類型等(deng)條件查(cha)詢
操作分級:
① 日常值班級:實時狀(zhuang)態監視、事(shi)件記錄查(cha)詢
② 監控操作(zuo)級:實時狀態監視、事件記錄(lu)查詢、探(tan)測器遠程復位、設(she)備自檢(jian)
③ 系統(tong)管(guan)理級:實時狀(zhuang)態監視、事(shi)件(jian)記錄查詢(xun)、探測器遠程復位、設(she)備自檢,監控設(she)備系統(tong)參數查詢(xun)、監控設(she)備各模塊(kuai)單獨檢測、操作員添加(jia)與刪除(chu)
使用環境條件:
① 工作場所:消防(fang)控制(zhi)室內、有人值班的變配(pei)(pei)電所(配(pei)(pei)電室)、有人值班的房間內墻壁上
② 工作(zuo)環境(jing)溫(wen)度:0℃~40℃
③ 工作環境相對濕度:5%~95%RH
④ 海拔(ba)高度(du):≤2500m
7.2基本功能
1.監控報警功能:
監控設(she)備能(neng)接(jie)收多(duo)臺探測(ce)器的漏電(dian)、溫度信(xin)息,報(bao)(bao)警(jing)(jing)時(shi)發出聲(sheng)光報(bao)(bao)警(jing)(jing)信(xin)號(hao),同時(shi)設(she)備上紅色“報(bao)(bao)警(jing)(jing)"指示(shi)燈亮,顯(xian)(xian)示(shi)屏(ping)指示(shi)報(bao)(bao)警(jing)(jing)部位(wei)及(ji)報(bao)(bao)警(jing)(jing)類型,記錄報(bao)(bao)警(jing)(jing)時(shi)間,聲(sheng)光報(bao)(bao)警(jing)(jing)一直保持,直至按顯(xian)(xian)示(shi)屏(ping)“復(fu)位(wei)"按鈕(niu)(niu)遠(yuan)程對探測(ce)器實現復(fu)位(wei)。對于(yu)聲(sheng)音報(bao)(bao)警(jing)(jing)信(xin)號(hao)也可以(yi)使用顯(xian)(xian)示(shi)屏(ping)“消聲(sheng)"按鈕(niu)(niu)手(shou)動消除。
2.故障報警功能
通訊故(gu)(gu)障報警:當監(jian)控設備與(yu)所接的任一臺探測(ce)器(qi)之間發生通訊故(gu)(gu)障時,監(jian)控畫(hua)面中相應的探測(ce)器(qi)顯示(shi)(shi)故(gu)(gu)障提(ti)示(shi)(shi),同(tong)時設備上的黃(huang)色“故(gu)(gu)障"指示(shi)(shi)燈亮,并發出故(gu)(gu)障報警聲音。
電源(yuan)故障報警(jing):當(dang)主電源(yuan)或備用電源(yuan)發生故障時,監控設備也發出聲光報警(jing)信號并顯示故障信息,可進入(ru)相應的界面查看(kan)詳細信息并可解除報警(jing)聲響。
3.自檢功能
檢查設備中所有狀態指示燈、顯示屏、喇叭是否正常(chang)。
4.報警記錄存儲(chu)查詢功能
當發生漏(lou)電、超溫(wen)報(bao)警或通訊、電源故(gu)(gu)障時,將報(bao)警部(bu)位(wei)、故(gu)(gu)障信息、報(bao)警時間等(deng)信息存儲在(zai)數(shu)據(ju)庫中,當報(bao)警解除、排除故(gu)(gu)障時,同樣予以記錄。歷史數(shu)據(ju)提供多種便(bian)捷、快速的查(cha)詢(xun)方法。
5.電源功能
當主(zhu)(zhu)電(dian)(dian)源發(fa)生(sheng)停電(dian)(dian)、欠(qian)壓等故(gu)障(zhang)時,監(jian)控設(she)備可自(zi)動(dong)切換(huan)到(dao)備用電(dian)(dian)源工(gong)作,當主(zhu)(zhu)電(dian)(dian)源恢復正常供電(dian)(dian)時,自(zi)動(dong)切回到(dao)主(zhu)(zhu)電(dian)(dian)源,切換(huan)過程中保(bao)證(zheng)監(jian)控設(she)備連續平穩運行(xing)。
6.對探測器控制功能
通過監控軟件操作,可對連接(jie)到(dao)本設備的所有探測器進行(xing)遠程復位控制。
7.權限控制功能
為確保監控系統的(de)(de)安(an)全運行,監控設備軟件操(cao)作權(quan)限分為三級(ji),不(bu)同(tong)級(ji)別的(de)(de)操(cao)作員(yuan)具有不(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)操(cao)作權(quan)限。
項目總結
安科瑞Acrel-6000/Q電氣火災監控系統已(yi)經廣泛應用到像北京(jing)萬(wan)科性質的(de)建筑項目上,在系統調(diao)試階(jie)段就已(yi)經幫助用戶查詢(xun)到了(le)很對剩余電流值過大的(de)回(hui)路,協助用戶查詢(xun)故障原(yuan)因(yin),排除相(xiang)關故障。在系統驗收后(hou),我方(fang)做了(le)定期(qi)回(hui)訪(fang),用戶反饋系統運行穩定。
安科瑞電(dian)氣火(huo)災(zai)(zai)監控(kong)系統自(zi)投入市場以來,運行良(liang)好,在預防電(dian)氣火(huo)災(zai)(zai)方面(mian)發揮了重要作用,已(yi)獲得了客戶對產品和(he)(he)公(gong)司的(de)認可和(he)(he)肯定。