安科瑞 繆凱倫
摘要:電力(li)監控系(xi)統(tong)在(zai)整個電力(li)系(xi)統(tong)中具有(you)重要的(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong),它能(neng)夠有(you)力(li)的(de)(de)促進電網管理工作(zuo)效率,降(jiang)低(di)電力(li)系(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)運營成本,本文通過杭(hang)州(zhou)市婦女醫院電力(li)監控系(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)應用(yong)介紹電力(li)監控系(xi)統(tong)在(zai)醫院中的(de)(de)應用(yong)。
關鍵字:電力系統;數據(ju)采集;醫(yi)院;監(jian)控系統
0 引言
隨著電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)網(wang)絡的(de)不(bu)斷發展,用(yong)電(dian)(dian)負荷的(de)持續增長,各種(zhong)新型(xing)負載不(bu)斷涌現(xian),用(yong)戶(hu)更加(jia)關注電(dian)(dian)能質量問題,同時(shi)也對(dui)電(dian)(dian)能質量提出(chu)了更加(jia)嚴格的(de)要求。用(yong)戶(hu)需要更加(jia)有效的(de)電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)監(jian)(jian)控(kong)管理(li)解(jie)決方(fang)案(an)來應(ying)對(dui)上述變化帶來的(de)挑(tiao)戰,以實現(xian)配電(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)持續可(ke)靠(kao)、低耗的(de)運(yun)行。本文通(tong)過對(dui)杭州(zhou)市婦女(nv)醫(yi)院電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)監(jian)(jian)控(kong)的(de)建設,介(jie)紹(shao)電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)監(jian)(jian)控(kong)系(xi)統(tong)在(zai)醫(yi)療(liao)建筑中的(de)應(ying)用(yong)。
1、項目(mu)概述及建設目(mu)標(biao)
杭(hang)州市(shi)婦(fu)(fu)幼保(bao)健(jian)院地(di)處西湖之濱,承擔著(zhu)杭(hang)州地(di)區九(jiu)區五縣(市(shi))婦(fu)(fu)幼保(bao)健(jian)機構的(de)(de)業(ye)務指(zhi)(zhi)導、管(guan)理(li)、監督和(he)婦(fu)(fu)幼保(bao)健(jian)人員(yuan)的(de)(de)業(ye)務培訓工作,以及各項婦(fu)(fu)幼保(bao)健(jian)生命指(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)、健(jian)康指(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)、質量指(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)任務的(de)(de)實(shi)施。
目前(qian)醫(yi)院(yuan)(yuan)承擔著杭州(zhou)全地區高危孕產婦的診治工作,是杭州(zhou)市(shi)孕產婦急救中(zhong)心(xin)(xin)(xin)。醫(yi)院(yuan)(yuan)嚴格(ge)執行省市(shi)物(wu)價收費標準,保(bao)持我院(yuan)(yuan)一貫來的低收費標準。通過強(qiang)化醫(yi)療質量管理,加強(qiang)醫(yi)患溝通,貫徹“母親安全,兒童優先"的宗旨,把以“病人(ren)為(wei)中(zhong)心(xin)(xin)(xin)"落(luo)實到每(mei)一個醫(yi)療環(huan)節,營(ying)造患者安全.放心(xin)(xin)(xin)的就醫(yi)環(huan)境。本項目中(zhong)有9臺微機保(bao)護裝置、18臺ACR220ELH智能(neng)電表、241臺PZ72L-E4電能(neng)表接入后臺監控(kong)系統。
本(ben)電(dian)力監(jian)控系統(tong)中,監(jian)控要求主要有以下幾個方面:
1.遠程(cheng)觀測。要求(qiu)系統能夠準確的(de)對電(dian)(dian)流(liu)、電(dian)(dian)壓、有功功率(lv)、無功功率(lv)、有功電(dian)(dian)能、無功電(dian)(dian)能、視在功率(lv)、功率(lv)因(yin)數、頻率(lv)、開關狀態、剩余電(dian)(dian)流(liu)等信息(xi)進(jin)行檢測。
2.遠程通(tong)信(xin)。要求(qiu)系統能夠及時的傳遞(di)設備運作狀(zhuang)態以及故障(zhang)信(xin)息(xi)。
3.報警(jing)。要求系統能(neng)夠通過(guo)設定,對(dui)各種信息進行報警(jing)。
4.顯(xian)示。要求(qiu)系統能夠就(jiu)地顯(xian)示出各(ge)部(bu)分運作信(xin)息。
2、電力監控系統(tong)的設計
在監(jian)控系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)的設(she)計中,要充(chong)分考慮客戶的實際需求,以及電力系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)的實際結構(gou)、電力系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)的實際載荷能力等因素,進而合理(li)的選擇(ze)監(jian)控設(she)備,這(zhe)既有利于(yu)減少系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)運作的成本,同時也有利于(yu)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)功能的實現(xian)。
本項目的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)力(li)監(jian)控(kong)系(xi)統(tong)(tong),可以實現對(dui)樓(lou)(lou)內(nei)低壓配(pei)電(dian)(dian)回(hui)路(lu)的(de)(de)(de)實時(shi)監(jian)控(kong),有(you)利于電(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)管理(li)。另(ling)(ling)一方面,電(dian)(dian)力(li)監(jian)控(kong)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)不僅(jin)能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)準(zhun)確(que)的(de)(de)(de)表示出回(hui)路(lu)的(de)(de)(de)用電(dian)(dian)狀(zhuang)況,它還(huan)具備(bei)網(wang)絡(luo)通(tong)訊等功能(neng)(neng),能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)與(yu)計算機、串(chuan)口服務器等設備(bei)進行組合,及時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)顯(xian)示樓(lou)(lou)內(nei)各個配(pei)電(dian)(dian)回(hui)路(lu)的(de)(de)(de)運(yun)作狀(zhuang)態,當(dang)樓(lou)(lou)內(nei)電(dian)(dian)力(li)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)負(fu)載(zai)越標(biao)時(shi),電(dian)(dian)力(li)監(jian)控(kong)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)迅速報(bao)(bao)警,發出語音提(ti)示。另(ling)(ling)外,電(dian)(dian)力(li)監(jian)控(kong)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)還(huan)能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)生成(cheng)報(bao)(bao)表、曲線圖(tu)等統(tong)(tong)計信息,便于有(you)關人(ren)員(yuan)分(fen)析(xi)樓(lou)(lou)內(nei)各部(bu)分(fen)的(de)(de)(de)用電(dian)(dian)狀(zhuang)況,使(shi)樓(lou)(lou)內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)用電(dian)(dian)活動更(geng)加安全,從而保證樓(lou)(lou)內(nei)人(ren)員(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)生命安全,提(ti)高(gao)商業人(ren)員(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作效(xiao)率(lv)。
2.1 系統結構
依(yi)據新建(jian)商場(chang)的配電情(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)分(fen)(fen)(fen)布情(qing)況(kuang)(kuang),在(zai)線(xian)監測系(xi)統(tong)建(jian)設采用(yong)分(fen)(fen)(fen)層分(fen)(fen)(fen)布式結構(gou),系(xi)統(tong)包括:站控管理層、網(wang)絡通訊層、現場(chang)設備層。
系統網絡結構如圖所(suo)示:
站控管理(li)(li)(li)層管理(li)(li)(li)人(ren)員與計算機(ji)進行(xing)人(ren)機(ji)交互的(de)(de)直接(jie)窗(chuang)口,對采集的(de)(de)現場(chang)各類數(shu)(shu)據信息計算、分析與處理(li)(li)(li),并以圖形、數(shu)(shu)顯、聲音等方式反映(ying)現場(chang)的(de)(de)運行(xing)狀(zhuang)況(kuang),是系統(tong)的(de)(de)上層部(bu)分。主(zhu)要(yao)由(you)系統(tong)軟(ruan)件和必(bi)要(yao)的(de)(de)硬件設備(bei),如工業級計算機(ji)、打(da)印機(ji)、UPS電源等組成。
通訊(xun)層(ceng)使用(yong)的(de)設備為NPORT5630-16串口服務器。該(gai)層(ceng)是數(shu)據(ju)信息交換的(de)橋梁(liang),負責對(dui)(dui)現(xian)場(chang)設備回送(song)的(de)數(shu)據(ju)信息進(jin)行采集、分類和傳送(song)等工作的(de)同時,轉達(da)上(shang)位(wei)機對(dui)(dui)現(xian)場(chang)設備的(de)各種控制命(ming)令。
現(xian)(xian)場(chang)設備(bei)層(ceng)主要是連接(jie)于(yu)網(wang)絡中用于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)參量(liang)(liang)(liang)采集(ji)測量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)各類型的(de)(de)儀表等(deng),也是構建該配電(dian)(dian)(dian)系統必(bi)要的(de)(de)基(ji)本組成元(yuan)素(su)。現(xian)(xian)場(chang)配置acrel的(de)(de)AM系列微機保(bao)護裝置;ACR220ELH、PZ72L-E4電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)表,實(shi)現(xian)(xian)每個高壓回(hui)路(lu)的(de)(de)保(bao)護報警動作信息、三(san)相(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)、三(san)相(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓、頻(pin)率、功(gong)率、四象限電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)等(deng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)參量(liang)(liang)(liang)監測,低壓回(hui)路(lu)三(san)相(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)、三(san)相(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓、頻(pin)率、功(gong)率、四象限電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)等(deng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)參量(liang)(liang)(liang)監測;并對每個回(hui)路(lu)斷路(lu)器(qi)分合閘狀態進(jin)行監測。
2.2 網絡設計
電力(li)監控系(xi)統中的網絡(luo)系(xi)統能(neng)夠(gou)及(ji)時的對(dui)數據進行傳輸,并迅速傳遞操作指令(ling),是實(shi)現(xian)電力(li)監控系(xi)統各(ge)項(xiang)功(gong)能(neng)的基礎。把現(xian)場每個設備就地(di)與(yu)總線(xian)連接,之后在把各(ge)條總線(xian)全部接入(ru)通訊網關,來實(shi)現(xian)與(yu)主機的傳遞。
2.3監控系統軟件功(gong)能(neng)設計
系統依(yi)據客戶實(shi)際需求(qiu)進(jin)行(xing)設計,并實(shi)現(xian)了(le)一次主接線圖界(jie)面顯示;電(dian)參量遙測(ce)及(ji)電(dian)參量越限報警;事(shi)件(jian)記錄(lu);系統運行(xing)異常(chang)監測(ce);故障(zhang)報警及(ji)操作記錄(lu);報表查詢與打印;系統負荷實(shi)時、歷(li)史(shi)曲線,用(yong)戶權(quan)限管理等主要功(gong)能。
2.3.1數據的采(cai)集與處理
數(shu)據(ju)(ju)采集(ji)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)包括模擬量以及(ji)(ji)開關量的(de)(de)采集(ji)。模擬量的(de)(de)采集(ji)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)是(shi)(shi)對線路(lu)電(dian)壓、電(dian)流、功(gong)(gong)率(lv)、功(gong)(gong)率(lv)因數(shu)、頻率(lv)等信息進行采集(ji),開關量的(de)(de)采集(ji)則主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)是(shi)(shi)對斷路(lu)器、隔離開關、接地刀(dao)閘等設備的(de)(de)工作狀(zhuang)態,以及(ji)(ji)斷電(dian)保護、運行故障(zhang)等報警信息進行采集(ji),實現遠程(cheng)數(shu)據(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)本地實時(shi)(shi)顯示。數(shu)據(ju)(ju)處理主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)是(shi)(shi)把按要(yao)求(qiu)采集(ji)到(dao)的(de)(de)電(dian)參量實時(shi)(shi)準確的(de)(de)顯示給用(yong)(yong)戶(hu),達到(dao)配電(dian)監控的(de)(de)自動化化和智能化要(yao)求(qiu),同時(shi)(shi)把采集(ji)到(dao)的(de)(de)數(shu)據(ju)(ju)存(cun)入數(shu)據(ju)(ju)庫供用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)查詢。
2.3.2數據記錄
電力監(jian)控系(xi)(xi)統的(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)據(ju)(ju)記(ji)錄(lu)(lu)(lu)功能主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)就是對(dui)(dui)斷(duan)路器分(fen)合狀態以及保護動(dong)作的(de)(de)(de)(de)前后順序進(jin)行(xing)記(ji)錄(lu)(lu)(lu),它(ta)要(yao)(yao)求系(xi)(xi)統中(zhong)須有足夠的(de)(de)(de)(de)內存(cun)(cun)空間(jian),進(jin)而長時間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)、大(da)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)對(dui)(dui)數(shu)據(ju)(ju)信息進(jin)行(xing)記(ji)錄(lu)(lu)(lu)和存(cun)(cun)儲(chu)。其次,電力監(jian)控系(xi)(xi)統的(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)據(ju)(ju)記(ji)錄(lu)(lu)(lu)功能也包括(kuo)對(dui)(dui)故障信息的(de)(de)(de)(de)記(ji)錄(lu)(lu)(lu),即對(dui)(dui)故障發生(sheng)時的(de)(de)(de)(de)實時電流、實時電壓等數(shu)據(ju)(ju)進(jin)行(xing)記(ji)錄(lu)(lu)(lu)存(cun)(cun)儲(chu)。由(you)此可見,數(shu)據(ju)(ju)記(ji)錄(lu)(lu)(lu)功能可以通過對(dui)(dui)保護裝(zhuang)置工作狀態的(de)(de)(de)(de)記(ji)錄(lu)(lu)(lu),以及對(dui)(dui)故障信息的(de)(de)(de)(de)記(ji)錄(lu)(lu)(lu),準確的(de)(de)(de)(de)反映出系(xi)(xi)統中(zhong)存(cun)(cun)在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)問題(ti),從而便于工作人員(yuan)解決(jue)。
2.3.3電能管理
為了實(shi)現對(dui)本大樓內(nei)各(ge)(ge)回(hui)路(lu)用(yong)電量的(de)監管(guan),系統設計(ji)了電能(neng)(neng)管(guan)理(li)報(bao)表,系統通(tong)(tong)過對(dui)有功電度(du)的(de)采集,按照(zhao)回(hui)路(lu)名稱的(de)不同,自動生成日報(bao)表、月報(bao)表和(he)年報(bao)表并有報(bao)表打(da)印功能(neng)(neng),并可對(dui)某一回(hui)路(lu)的(de)某一時間段內(nei)的(de)用(yong)電量進(jin)行查詢,可以幫助物業建立有效的(de)用(yong)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)理(li)考核制(zhi)度(du)。通(tong)(tong)過系統的(de)建設和(he)制(zhi)度(du)的(de)建立,使各(ge)(ge)入駐管(guan)理(li)人員節能(neng)(neng)意識(shi)大大提(ti)高,有效的(de)節約(yue)了能(neng)(neng)源消(xiao)耗。
3、供配電(dian)設計中應用電(dian)力監控系統的(de)意義
綜上所(suo)述,電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)監(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)幫助用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)單位效率提高(gao)、減少損失、降(jiang)低(di)(di)運(yun)營(ying)成本(ben)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)監(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)通(tong)信、故(gu)障報警、數據(ju)(ju)存儲(chu)記錄等(deng)(deng)(deng)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)使得(de)工作(zuo)人(ren)員(yuan)在實際(ji)(ji)工作(zuo)中更(geng)加(jia)方(fang)便,可(ke)(ke)以通(tong)過(guo)人(ren)機(ji)操作(zuo)界面(mian)(mian), 直接了(le)解到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)運(yun)行(xing)狀(zhuang)態,并(bing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)迅速傳遞出(chu)操作(zuo)指(zhi)令,由于監(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)設(she)(she)備對(dui)數據(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)傳遞都是(shi)通(tong)過(guo)網(wang)絡傳輸來實現,因此,不同的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)監(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)可(ke)(ke)以設(she)(she)計不同的(de)(de)(de)(de)組網(wang)方(fang)式,確保數據(ju)(ju)信息能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)夠迅速進(jin)行(xing)傳輸。另一方(fang)面(mian)(mian),在供配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)計中運(yun)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)監(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong),應該(gai)根據(ju)(ju)實際(ji)(ji)情況(kuang)選擇(ze)(ze)監(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)設(she)(she)備。一般(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)監(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)通(tong)常都采用(yong)(yong)具有(you)遠程通(tong)信、遠程觀測以及遠程控(kong)(kong)制等(deng)(deng)(deng)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)備,而一些電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)監(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)則需要選擇(ze)(ze)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)更(geng)加(jia)齊全的(de)(de)(de)(de)智能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)設(she)(she)備。 在商業建(jian)筑等(deng)(deng)(deng)場(chang)所(suo)設(she)(she)置電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)監(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong),可(ke)(ke)以實現對(dui)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)內低(di)(di)壓配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)回路的(de)(de)(de)(de)實時監(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong),有(you)利(li)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)管理。另一方(fang)面(mian)(mian),電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)監(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)不僅能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)夠準確的(de)(de)(de)(de)表示(shi)(shi)(shi)出(chu)回路的(de)(de)(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀(zhuang)況(kuang),它還具備網(wang)絡通(tong)訊(xun)等(deng)(deng)(deng)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng),能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)夠與計算機(ji)、串口服務器等(deng)(deng)(deng)設(she)(she)備進(jin)行(xing)組合,及時的(de)(de)(de)(de)顯示(shi)(shi)(shi)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)內各(ge)個配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)回路的(de)(de)(de)(de)運(yun)作(zuo)狀(zhuang)態,當(dang)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)內電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)負載越標(biao)時,電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)監(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)夠迅速報警,發出(chu)語(yu)音提示(shi)(shi)(shi)。另外,電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)監(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)還能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)夠生成報表、曲線(xian)圖(tu)等(deng)(deng)(deng)統(tong)(tong)計信息,便于有(you)關人(ren)員(yuan)分析樓(lou)(lou)(lou)內各(ge)部(bu)分的(de)(de)(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀(zhuang)況(kuang),使樓(lou)(lou)(lou)內的(de)(de)(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)活動更(geng)加(jia)安全,從而保證樓(lou)(lou)(lou)內人(ren)員(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)生命(ming)安全,提高(gao)工作(zuo)人(ren)員(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工作(zuo)效率。