安科瑞 繆凱倫
摘要:介紹蘇(su)州市立醫院綜合樓(lou)(教學樓(lou))電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能管理(li)系(xi)統,采用(yong)智能電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)儀表采集(ji)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)現場的各種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)參量和開關信號。系(xi)統采用(yong)現場就(jiu)地組網(wang)的方式,組網(wang)后(hou)通(tong)過(guo)現場總線(xian)通(tong)訊并(bing)遠傳(chuan)至后(hou)臺,通(tong)過(guo)Acrel-3000電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能管理(li)系(xi)統實(shi)現變電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)所配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)回(hui)路用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的實(shi)時監控和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能管理(li)。
關鍵(jian)詞:大型(xing)(xing)公建; 蘇州市(shi)立醫院綜(zong)合(he)樓(教學(xue)樓);配電所;智(zhi)能電力儀(yi)表;Acrel-3000型(xing)(xing);電能管理系統(tong)
0 概述(shu)
蘇州市(shi)立醫(yi)(yi)(yi)院綜合(he)樓(教(jiao)學(xue)樓)是為蘇州市(shi)立醫(yi)(yi)(yi)院全(quan)科醫(yi)(yi)(yi)生臨床(chuang)培養(yang)基地(di)。
本項目為蘇州市立醫院(yuan)綜(zong)合(he)樓(教(jiao)學樓)電(dian)能管理(li)系統(tong)。根據配(pei)電(dian)系統(tong)管理(li)的(de)要(yao)求,需(xu)要(yao)對蘇州漕湖市立醫院(yuan)綜(zong)合(he)樓(教(jiao)學樓)的(de)配(pei)電(dian)所進出線回路以(yi)(yi)及高(gao)壓配(pei)電(dian)進行電(dian)力(li)監控與電(dian)能管理(li),以(yi)(yi)保證用電(dian)的(de)安全(quan)、可靠。
Acrel-3000型低壓智能配(pei)電(dian)(dian)系統,對變配(pei)電(dian)(dian)系統進行分散數據采集和集中(zhong)監控管(guan)理。對配(pei)電(dian)(dian)系統的(de)二次設備進行組網,通(tong)過計算機(ji)和通(tong)訊網絡,將分散的(de)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)所的(de)現(xian)場設備連(lian)接(jie)為一(yi)個有機(ji)的(de)整體,實現(xian)電(dian)(dian)網運行的(de)遠程監控和集中(zhong)管(guan)理。
1 系統(tong)結(jie)構描(miao)述
本監(jian)控系統主(zhu)要實(shi)現蘇州(zhou)市立(li)醫院(yuan)綜合樓配(pei)(pei)電(dian)所進(jin)出線回路和高(gao)壓(ya)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)進(jin)行用電(dian)監(jian)控與(yu)電(dian)能管理。監(jian)控范圍為分(fen)布于配(pei)(pei)電(dian)所中(zhong)的(de)(de)高(gao)低壓(ya)進(jin)出線回路。該系統總(zong)計(ji)有88只儀表(其中(zhong)84只PZ80_E4/KC及4只綜合保(bao)護),分(fen)7條(tiao)總(zong)線,接入(ru)數(shu)據(ju)采集(ji)器,最后通過網絡線拉至(zhi)值班室連接到(dao)監(jian)控主(zhu)機(ji)實(shi)現總(zong)線上儀表與(yu)監(jian)控主(zhu)機(ji)的(de)(de)數(shu)據(ju)連通。
本(ben)監控系統采用分層分布式結構,即站控層,通(tong)訊(xun)層與間隔(ge)層;如圖(1)所示:
圖(1)網絡拓撲圖
間隔設備層主要為:多功能網絡電(dian)力儀表、綜保等。這(zhe)些裝置分別對應(ying)相(xiang)應(ying)的一次設備安裝在電(dian)氣(qi)柜(ju)和(he)抽屜柜(ju)內,這(zhe)些裝置均采(cai)用RS485通訊(xun)接口,通過現(xian)場MODBUS總線組網通訊(xun),實現(xian)數據現(xian)場采(cai)集。
網絡通訊層主要(yao)為:通訊服務器,其(qi)主要(yao)功能為把分散在現場采集裝置(zhi)集中采集,同時遠傳至(zhi)站(zhan)控(kong)層,完(wan)成現場層和站(zhan)控(kong)層之間的數據交互。
站控管理層:設(she)有高性(xing)能工業(ye)計(ji)算機、顯示器、UPS電源、打(da)印(yin)機等設(she)備(bei)。監控系統(tong)安(an)裝在計(ji)算機上,集中(zhong)采集顯示現場(chang)設(she)備(bei)運行狀(zhuang)況,以人機交(jiao)互的形式顯示給用戶。
以上網絡儀表均采(cai)用(yong)(yong)RS485接(jie)(jie)口和MODBUS-RTU通(tong)訊協議,RS485采(cai)用(yong)(yong)屏蔽線傳(chuan)輸,一般都采(cai)用(yong)(yong)二(er)根連線,接(jie)(jie)線簡單方便;通(tong)訊接(jie)(jie)口是(shi)半(ban)雙工通(tong)信(xin)即(ji)通(tong)信(xin)的雙方都可(ke)以接(jie)(jie)收、發送數(shu)(shu)據但是(shi)在同一時刻只能發送或接(jie)(jie)收數(shu)(shu)據,數(shu)(shu)據傳(chuan)輸速率為10Mbps。
RS485接(jie)口是采用平衡驅(qu)動器(qi)和(he)差分(fen)接(jie)收器(qi)的組合,抗噪聲干擾能力增強,總線上允(yun)許連接(jie)多達(da)32個設備,傳輸距離為1.2km。
2 電能(neng)管理系統主(zhu)要(yao)功能(neng)
2.1 數據采集與處理
數據(ju)(ju)采(cai)集是(shi)配電監(jian)控的基礎(chu),數據(ju)(ju)采(cai)集主要由底層多(duo)功能(neng)網絡儀表采(cai)集完成(cheng),實現遠程數據(ju)(ju)的本地實時顯示。需要完成(cheng)采(cai)集的信號包(bao)括(kuo):三相(xiang)電壓U、三相(xiang)電流I、頻率(lv)Hz、功率(lv)P、功率(lv)因(yin)數COSφ、電度Epi、遠程設備(bei)運(yun)行狀態等數據(ju)(ju)。
數據(ju)處理主要(yao)(yao)是把(ba)按要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)采集到的(de)(de)電參(can)量(liang)實時準確的(de)(de)顯示給用戶(hu)(hu),達到配電監(jian)控(kong)的(de)(de)自(zi)動化化和智能化要(yao)(yao)求(qiu),同時把(ba)采集到的(de)(de)數據(ju)存入數據(ju)庫(ku)供用戶(hu)(hu)查詢。
2.2 人機交互
系(xi)統(tong)提(ti)供(gong)簡(jian)單、易用(yong)(yong)(yong)、良好的用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶使用(yong)(yong)(yong)界(jie)面(mian)。采用(yong)(yong)(yong)全中(zhong)文(wen)界(jie)面(mian),CAD圖形顯示(shi)低(di)壓配(pei)電(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)電(dian)(dian)氣一次(ci)主接線圖,顯示(shi)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)設(she)備狀態及相應實(shi)時(shi)運行參數,畫面(mian)定(ding)時(shi)輪巡(xun)切換;畫面(mian)實(shi)時(shi)動態刷新;模擬量顯示(shi);開關量顯示(shi);連續記錄顯示(shi)等。
2.3 歷史事件
歷時事件查(cha)(cha)看界面主要(yao)(yao)為用戶(hu)查(cha)(cha)看曾經發生過的(de)(de)(de)故障(zhang)記(ji)錄、信(xin)號記(ji)錄、操作記(ji)錄、越限記(ji)錄提供方(fang)便(bian)友(you)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)人機交(jiao)互,通(tong)過歷史事件查(cha)(cha)看平臺(tai),您(nin)可以根(gen)據(ju)自(zi)己的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求和查(cha)(cha)詢條件方(fang)便(bian)定位您(nin)所(suo)要(yao)(yao)查(cha)(cha)看的(de)(de)(de)歷史事件,為您(nin)把握整個系統的(de)(de)(de)運(yun)行情(qing)況提供了良好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)軟件支持。
2.4 數據(ju)庫建立與查詢
主要完(wan)成遙測量和遙信量定時采集,并(bing)且建立(li)數(shu)據庫(ku),定期生成報表,以供用(yong)戶查詢(xun)打印。
2.5 用戶(hu)權(quan)限管理
針(zhen)對不(bu)同(tong)級(ji)別的(de)(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu),設置(zhi)不(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)權(quan)(quan)限(xian)組,防止因人為(wei)誤操作給(gei)生(sheng)產,生(sheng)活(huo)帶來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)損失(shi),實現配電系統的(de)(de)(de)安全,可(ke)靠運行(xing)。可(ke)以通過(guo)用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)管理進(jin)行(xing)用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)登錄、用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)注銷、修(xiu)(xiu)改密碼、添加刪除(chu)等(deng)操作,方便用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)對賬(zhang)號(hao)和權(quan)(quan)限(xian)的(de)(de)(de)修(xiu)(xiu)改。
2.6 遠程(cheng)報(bao)表查詢
報(bao)(bao)表(biao)(biao)管理程(cheng)序(xu)的(de)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)功(gong)能是根據(ju)用(yong)戶(hu)的(de)需要(yao)(yao)設計(ji)報(bao)(bao)表(biao)(biao)樣式,把系統(tong)中處理的(de)數據(ju)經過篩(shai)選(xuan)、組(zu)合和(he)統(tong)計(ji)生成用(yong)戶(hu)需要(yao)(yao)的(de)報(bao)(bao)表(biao)(biao)數據(ju)。本(ben)程(cheng)序(xu)還可以根據(ju)用(yong)戶(hu)的(de)需要(yao)(yao)對(dui)報(bao)(bao)表(biao)(biao)文件采(cai)用(yong)定時保(bao)存、打印或者召喚保(bao)存、打印模式。同(tong)時本(ben)程(cheng)序(xu)還向用(yong)戶(hu)提供了對(dui)生成的(de)報(bao)(bao)表(biao)(biao)文件管理功(gong)能。
報表(biao)具(ju)有(you)自(zi)由設(she)置查詢時(shi)間(jian)實現日、月、年的(de)電(dian)能統計,數(shu)據導出和報表(biao)打印(yin)等功能。
3 案(an)例(li)分析
蘇州市立醫(yi)院綜合(he)樓(教學樓)電(dian)(dian)能管理系統針對配電(dian)(dian)所高低壓進出線回路進行(xing)用電(dian)(dian)監(jian)控與(yu)電(dian)(dian)能管理。
配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)所(suo)進出線回(hui)路均采(cai)用PZ80-E4/KC多功(gong)(gong)能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力儀(yi)表,其是針對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力系統、工礦企業、公共設施(shi)、智能(neng)大廈(sha)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力監控需求而設計的(de)(de)網(wang)絡(luo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力儀(yi)表,它能(neng)測量(liang)所(suo)有(you)(you)常規電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力參(can)(can)數,如:三相(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流、有(you)(you)功(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)、無功(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)、功(gong)(gong)率(lv)因(yin)數、頻率(lv)、有(you)(you)功(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)度(du)、無功(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)度(du)等多種(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)參(can)(can)量(liang)。并且本(ben)儀(yi)表帶有(you)(you)4路光電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)隔離開關量(liang)輸入接點和2路繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器控制輸出接點,這些接點可以配合智能(neng)斷(duan)路器實(shi)現(xian)斷(duan)路器的(de)(de)遙信、遙控操作(zuo)。該(gai)系列(lie)網(wang)絡(luo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力儀(yi)表主要應用于變電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)自(zi)動化、配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)自(zi)動化、小(xiao)區(qu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力監控、工業自(zi)動化、能(neng)源管理系統及(ji)智能(neng)建筑等領域。
低壓配(pei)(pei)電二次圖見圖(2),功能有電量(liang)遙(yao)測主要監測運行設備的(de)電參(can)量(liang),其中包括:線(xian)三相(xiang)電壓,電流(liu),功率,功率因(yin)數,電能,頻率等電參(can)量(liang)及(ji)(ji)配(pei)(pei)出回路的(de)三相(xiang)電流(liu);遙(yao)信(xin)(xin)功能實現顯示現場設備的(de)運行狀態,主要包括:開關的(de)分、合(he)閘運行狀態和通訊故(gu)障報警(jing);斷路器變位時會發出報警(jing)信(xin)(xin)號,提醒用戶及(ji)(ji)時處理故(gu)障。
圖(2)配電所低壓(ya)配電二(er)次圖
高壓(ya)配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)二(er)次截面圖(tu)見圖(tu)(3),功能有電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)遙測主要監測運行(xing)(xing)設(she)備(bei)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)參量(liang)(liang),其中(zhong)包括(kuo):三相(xiang)線電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya),電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流,等電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)參量(liang)(liang)及配出回路的三相(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流;遙信(xin)功能實現顯示現場設(she)備(bei)的運行(xing)(xing)狀態,主要包括(kuo):開關(guan)的分、合(he)閘運行(xing)(xing)狀態和通訊故(gu)障報(bao)警(jing);斷路器變位(wei)時會發(fa)出報(bao)警(jing)信(xin)號,提(ti)醒用戶及時處理(li)故(gu)障。
圖(3)樓層低壓配(pei)電二次圖
遙信和遙測報(bao)(bao)(bao)警功能,主(zhu)要完成對低(di)壓(ya)各出線(xian)回路的(de)開(kai)關(guan)運(yun)行狀態和負載進線(xian)監(jian)控,對開(kai)關(guan)變位和負載越限彈(dan)出報(bao)(bao)(bao)警界面(mian)指示具(ju)體的(de)報(bao)(bao)(bao)警位置并聲音報(bao)(bao)(bao)警,提醒值班人員(yuan)及時處理。負載越限值在相應權(quan)限下可(ke)自由設置。具(ju)備歷史查(cha)詢功能。見圖(4)。
圖(tu)(4) 實時遙信報警(jing)信息
參(can)(can)數(shu)抄表功(gong)能(neng),主要對(dui)低(di)(di)壓各出線(xian)回(hui)路(lu)的電(dian)(dian)參(can)(can)數(shu)進(jin)線(xian)查(cha)詢(xun)。支持任意時刻電(dian)(dian)參(can)(can)數(shu)查(cha)詢(xun),具備數(shu)據導出和報(bao)表打印(yin)等功(gong)能(neng)。該報(bao)表查(cha)詢(xun)供(gong)1個變(bian)電(dian)(dian)所2臺變(bian)壓器(qi)出線(xian)各低(di)(di)壓回(hui)路(lu)以(yi)及高壓配電(dian)(dian)回(hui)路(lu)的電(dian)(dian)參(can)(can)數(shu),主要包括:三(san)相電(dian)(dian)流、有功(gong)功(gong)率和有功(gong)電(dian)(dian)度及變(bian)壓器(qi)溫度。該報(bao)表各回(hui)路(lu)名稱和數(shu)據庫關聯,方便用戶(hu)修改回(hui)路(lu)名稱。見圖(5)。
圖(5) 參數抄表
用(yong)電(dian)(dian)量報(bao)表(biao)(biao)功(gong)(gong)能(neng),可(ke)選擇時(shi)間段進行查詢,支持任意時(shi)間段電(dian)(dian)度累計查詢,具備數據導出和(he)報(bao)表(biao)(biao)打印等功(gong)(gong)能(neng)。為(wei)值班(ban)人員提供了(le)可(ke)靠的(de)電(dian)(dian)能(neng)報(bao)表(biao)(biao)。該報(bao)表(biao)(biao)各(ge)回(hui)路名(ming)稱和(he)數據庫關聯,方便(bian)用(yong)戶修改回(hui)路名(ming)稱。如下圖所示,顯示某段時(shi)間內(nei)的(de)各(ge)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)回(hui)路的(de)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)量,用(yong)戶可(ke)以直接打印報(bao)表(biao)(biao),可(ke)以以EXCEL格式另存(cun)到其他(ta)位置。 見圖(6)。
圖(6) 電能報表
系統通(tong)訊(xun)結構(gou)示意圖,主要顯示系統的(de)組網結構(gou),系統采(cai)用分(fen)層分(fen)布式結構(gou),同(tong)時監測間隔層設備(bei)的(de)通(tong)信狀態。紅色(se)表示通(tong)訊(xun)正常,綠色(se)表示通(tong)訊(xun)故障。見圖(7)。
圖(tu)(7)系統通訊結構(gou)示意(yi)圖(tu)
4 結(jie)束語
隨(sui)著社會的(de)發(fa)展及電(dian)(dian)(dian)力的(de)廣泛(fan)應用(yong)(yong),電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)系(xi)(xi)統已(yi)成(cheng)為全(quan)國各地工程(cheng)項目、標志性建筑/大(da)型(xing)公(gong)共設施等(deng)(deng)大(da)面(mian)積多變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)所(suo)用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)的(de)必然(ran)選擇,本文(wen)介(jie)紹的(de)Acrel-3000電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)管(guan)理系(xi)(xi)統在蘇(su)州市(shi)立醫院綜合樓(教(jiao)學樓)的(de)應用(yong)(yong),可(ke)以實(shi)現(xian)對變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)所(suo)高低壓(ya)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)回路(lu)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)實(shi)時監(jian)控與(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)管(guan)理,不(bu)僅能(neng)顯示(shi)回路(lu)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)狀況,還(huan)具有網絡通(tong)訊功能(neng),可(ke)以與(yu)(yu)協(xie)議轉換隔離(li)器、計算機等(deng)(deng)組成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)管(guan)理系(xi)(xi)統。系(xi)(xi)統實(shi)現(xian)對采(cai)集數據(ju)的(de)分(fen)析(xi)(xi)、處理,實(shi)時顯示(shi)變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)所(suo)內(nei)各配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)回路(lu)的(de)運(yun)行狀態,對分(fen)合閘、負載越(yue)限具有彈(dan)出報警(jing)對話框及語(yu)音(yin)提示(shi),并生成(cheng)各種(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)報表、分(fen)析(xi)(xi)曲線、圖形等(deng)(deng),便于電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)的(de)遠程(cheng)抄(chao)表以及分(fen)析(xi)(xi)、研究。該系(xi)(xi)統運(yun)行安全(quan)、可(ke)靠(kao)、穩定(ding),為變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)所(suo)用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)解決(jue)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)問題提供了真實(shi)可(ke)靠(kao)的(de)依據(ju),取得了較(jiao)好(hao)的(de)社會效益。